Theories of Visual Perception

Gordon, Ian

doi:10.4324/9780203502259

Cited by 188 publications

(134 citation statements)

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“…Some ganglion cells fire when the illumination on the central field becomes dimmer, and are most sensitive to the presence of a circular dark marking exactly covering the central field, especially if surrounded by a lighter ring, which elicits no inhibition (Lythgoe, 1979). This is a common eyespot pattern and links to the concept of 'feature detectors ', where animals respond selectively to certain aspects of stimuli, including simple features such as lines in particular orientations (Gordon, 2001). These detectors may be used in edge detection, and an eyespot is essentially a shape with highly contrasting edges against the wing background.…”

Section: The Intimidation Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 98%

The role of eyespots as anti‐predator mechanisms, principally demonstrated in the Lepidoptera

2005

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Eyespots are found in a variety of animals, in particular lepidopterans. The role of eyespots as antipredator mechanisms has been discussed since the 19th Century, with two main hypotheses invoked to explain their occurrence. The first is that large, centrally located eyespots intimidate predators by resembling the eyes of the predators' own enemies; the second, though not necessarily conflicting, hypothesis is that small, peripherally located eyespots function as markers to deflect the attacks of predators to non-vital regions of the body. A third possibility is also proposed; that eyespots intimidate predators merely because they are novel or rarely encountered salient features. These hypotheses are reviewed, with special reference given to avian predators, since these are likely to be the principal visually hunting predators of the lepidopterans considered. Also highlighted is the necessity to consider the potential influence of sexual selection on lepidopteran wing patterns, and the genetics and development of eyespot formation.

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Section: The Intimidation Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 98%

The role of eyespots as anti‐predator mechanisms, principally demonstrated in the Lepidoptera

2005

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“…Another paradigm of interest is the Gibsonian ecological approach [19,20]. It may be regarded as incompatible with constructivism, but we find many points of connection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constructivism, virtual reality and tools to support design

Winterbottom

Blake

2008

Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems

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This paper describes a process for creating a design tool, which is based in constructivism. The process is described for the creation of a tool to help novices in designing virtual environment interactions, however it can be generalized to other design domains. The process consists of four steps: first constructivist values of atomic simplicity, multiplicity, exploration, control and reflection are distilled. Next, expert practices are researched and reframed in terms of the constructivist values. Thirdly, novice processes are examined and understood in constructivist terms. Lastly, prototypes are created and shown to target users. These steps are iterated until the designed tool is satisfactory.

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“…Marr's "computational approach" to vision, for example, has been extremely influential outside the computer vision domain, so much so that it is still considered as one of the major theories of human visual perception (Gordon, 2004;Bruce et al, 2003). And sometimes such "backward" influences come from ideas and methods which are not inspired in the first place by biological or psychological findings.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 98%