Theory and kinematic measurements of the mechanics of stable electrospun polymer jets

Helgeson, Matthew E.; Grammatikos, Kristie N.; Deitzel, Joseph M.; Wagner, Norman J.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2008.04.025

Cited by 103 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In the current context, it is noteworthy that they identified a threshold electric field for stable jetting in the limit of low flow rate, for an inviscid, perfect conductor: [34]. Subsequently, Fridrikh et al [40] and Helgeson et al [41] developed relations to correlate the "terminal" jet diameter and the experimentally observed jet diameter, respectively, with fluid and operating parameters of the electrospinning jet. Prominent among these parameters is the ion charge density on the surface of the jet, which can be estimated from measurements of the volumetric flow rate of the jet, Q, the electric current, I, and the diameter of the jet.…”

Section: Electrospinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free surface electrospinning from a wire electrode

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Rutledge

2012

Chemical Engineering Journal

145

110

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Electrostatic jetting from a free liquid surface offers an alternative to conventional electrospinning in which jets are emitted from spinnerets. In this work we analyze a system in which a wire electrode is swept (in a rotary motion) through a bath containing a polymeric solution in contact with a high voltage, resulting in entrainment of the fluid, the formation of liquid droplets on the wire and electrostatic jetting from each liquid droplet. Solutions of polyvinylpyrrolidone in ethanol were used as test systems to evaluate each stage of the process.The volume of individual droplets on the wire were measured by photographic methods and correlated with the viscosity, density and surface tension of the liquid, and with system parameters such as electrode rotation rate and wire diameter. The local electric field in the absence of liquid entrainment was modeled using conventional electrostatics, and jet initiation was found to occur consistently at the angular position where the electric field exceeds a critical value of 34 kV/cm, regardless of rotation rate. Two operating regimes were identified. The first is an entrainment-limited regime, in which all of the entrained liquid is jetted from the wire electrode. The second regime is field-limited, in which the residence time of the wire electrode in an electric field in excess of the critical value is too short to deplete the fluid on the wire. The productivity of the system was measured and compared to the theoretical values of liquid entrainment. As expected, highest productivity occurred at high applied potentials and high rotation rates.

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Section: Electrospinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free surface electrospinning from a wire electrode

Forward

Rutledge

2012

Chemical Engineering Journal

145

110

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“…Cell adhesion is always a receptor-mediated process that occurs via interaction between membrane proteins, called integrins, and multidomain proteins that act as ligands. In natural tissues typical ligands dislocated in the ECM are fibronectin, laminin and vitronectin that bind integrins, forcing the cells to attach to the ECM [28,29]. Cell-scaffold interaction similarly occurs.…”

Section: The Scaffoldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The technique involves an extremely complex electrofluidodynamical process that has been the subject of intensive research aimed at modelling the physics of electrically driven jets and the evolution of jet instability [27][28][29][30][31]. A brief and simplified description of the process can be provided referring to Reneker's separation of the ES process into four key stages: (i) launching of the jet, (ii) elongation of the jet straight segment, (ii) development of whipping instability and (iv) fibre solidification and collection [32] (Fig.…”

Section: Porous Scaffold Fabrication By Electrospinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The shape index of an ideal circle is 0, while that of a linear object is 1. 29 Reprinted from [101], Copyright (2009), with permission from e-polymers. 30 Area and perimeter were individually estimated for each cell contained in the four analyzed 350 µm x 350 µm TCPS portions, and the average A and P values were used in Equation 3.2. illustrates an alternative application of ES materials which, similarly to TE, will probably have a great impact in the future of life sciences.…”

Section: Cell Number Increment (%)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Porous Polymeric Bioresorbable Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

Gualandi

2011

Springer Theses

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and some lactide copolymers) and of non-commercial polyesters (i.e. poly-ω-pentadecalactone and some of its copolymers) were explored and discussed.Two techniques were employed to fabricate scaffolds: supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) foaming and electrospinning (ES). The former is a powerful technology that enables to produce 3D microporous foams by avoiding the use of solvents that can be toxic to mammalian cells. The scCO 2 process, which is II commonly applied to amorphous polymers, was successfully modified to foam a highly crystalline poly(ω-pentadecalactone-co-ε-caprolactone) copolymer and the effect of process parameters on scaffold morphology and thermo-mechanical properties was investigated.In the course of the present research activity, sub-micrometric fibrous nonwoven meshes were produced using ES technology. Electrospun materials are considered highly promising scaffolds because they resemble the 3D organization of native extra cellular matrix. A careful control of process parameters allowed to fabricate defect-free fibres with diameters ranging from hundreds of nanometers to several microns, having either smooth or porous surface. Moreover, versatility of ES technology enabled to produce electrospun scaffolds from different polyesters as well as "composite" non-woven meshes by concomitantly electrospinning different fibres in terms of both fibre morphology and polymer material. The 3D-architecture of the electrospun scaffolds fabricated in this research was controlled in terms of mutual fibre orientation by properly modifying the instrumental apparatus. This aspect is particularly interesting since the micro/nano-architecture of the scaffold is known to affect cell behaviour.Since last generation scaffolds are expected to induce specific cell response, the present research activity also explored the possibility to produce electrospun scaffolds bioactive towards cells. Bio-functionalized substrates were obtained by loading polymer fibres with growth factors (i.e. biomolecules that elicit specific cell behaviour) and it was demonstrated that, despite the high voltages applied during electrospinning, the growth factor retains its biological activity once

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“…We restrict ourselves to the steady elongation flow characterized by a strain rateε as this situation is the most appropriate for the jet dynamics. 29,30 The flow rate and the strain rate in that case are presented as follows:…”

Section: B Constitutive Equationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of an electrically charged polymer jet

et al. 2013

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Subbotin, A.; Stepanyan, R.R.; Chiche, A.; Slot, J.J.M.; Brinke, ten, G. Document VersionPublisher's PDF, also known as Version of Record (includes final page, issue and volume numbers) Please check the document version of this publication:• A submitted manuscript is the author's version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website.• The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review.• The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policyIf you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Electro-hydrodynamic equations describing the behavior of a charged polymer jet are analyzed by analytical methods and scaling approach. A FENE-P constitutive equation is employed to describe the viscoelastic properties of a conducting polymer liquid. Effects of the electric field, the flow rate, and the material parameters on the jet dynamics are investigated. Four different regimes are examined. In particular, a regime in which the electric current is linearly proportional to the electric field and independent on the flow rate and a regime in which the electric current is linearly proportional to the flow rate and independent on the electric field are identified. An operating window limiting the region of a stable cone-jet mode is also considered. C 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx

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Theory and kinematic measurements of the mechanics of stable electrospun polymer jets

Cited by 103 publications

References 43 publications

Free surface electrospinning from a wire electrode

Free surface electrospinning from a wire electrode

Porous Polymeric Bioresorbable Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

Dynamics of an electrically charged polymer jet

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