“…Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is a conductive electron resonance phenomenon in metal nanostructures, such as nanorods, nanospheres, nanotriangles, and nanodisks. − Such plasmonic nanostructures have been widely applied in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), fluorescence probes, and other chemical or biological sensors , with the capability of single-molecule detection. The plasmonic resonance spectral peak, shape, and wavelength largely depend on the geometry parameters of nanostructures, material properties, and the dielectric environment. , Among different plasmonic nanostructures, bow-tie nanoantennas, consisting of extremely sharp tips and sub-10 nm gaps shown in Figure a, are known for their significant local electric field enhancement. − In addition, the plasmonic resonance spectrum is highly sensitive to the geometric changes, and such a relationship is highly nonlinear and unpredictable. , As shown in Figure b, tiny changes cause great differences in the resonance positions and peaks of the transmission spectrum, where G = 5 nm, W = 110 nm, and L = 110 nm (black line), 120 nm (red line), and 130 nm (blue line). On the other hand, very different geometric structures can result in very similar resonance spectra, as shown in Figure c.…”