Theory and racial profiling: Shortcomings and future directions in research

Engel, Robin S.; Calnon, Jennifer M.; Bernard, Thomas J.

doi:10.1080/07418820200095231

Cited by 209 publications

(198 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…As with the census, data on individuals living in a particular location who possess a driver's license cannot serve as a reliable benchmark because such data do not take into account differences in driving patterns among racial groups, nor do they account for in-and out-migration of residents. As others have previously noted (Engel, Calnon, & Bernard, 2002;Smith & Alpert, 2002), national surveys indicate substantial differences among blacks and whites in vehicle ownership rates, use of public transportation, miles driven, and motor vehicle trip frequency and duration. Independent of the smaller percentage of blacks compared to whites who possess driver's licenses (Langan, Greenfeld, Smith, Durose, & Levin, 2001), these data suggest that in the aggregate, fewer blacks may be found on the roadways than their percentage in the licensed driver population would suggest.…”

Section: Licensed Driversmentioning

confidence: 93%

Toward a Better Benchmark: Assessing the Utility of Not-at-Fault Traffic Crash Data in Racial Profiling Research

Alpert

Smith

Dunham

2004

Justice Research and Policy

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As studies on racial profiling and biased policing have begun to proliferate, researchers are debating which benchmark is most appropriate for comparison with police traffic stop data. Existing benchmark populations, which include populations estimated from census figures, licensed drivers, arrestees, reported crime suspects, and observed drivers and traffic violators, all have significant limitations. This article offers a new, alternative benchmark for police traffic stops, a benchmark that has not been previously applied or tested in a racial profiling research setting. The analysis presented compares traffic observation data, gathered at selected, high volume intersections during an ongoing racial profiling study in Miami-Dade County, Florida, to not-at-fault driver demographic data from two-vehicle crashes at those same intersections. Findings indicate that non-responsible drivers in two-vehicle crashes appear to represent a reasonably accurate estimate of the racial composition of drivers on the roadways at selected intersections and within areas of varying racial composition. The implications of this finding for racial profiling research are discussed, and suggested areas for future inquiry are identified.

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Section: Licensed Driversmentioning

confidence: 93%

Toward a Better Benchmark: Assessing the Utility of Not-at-Fault Traffic Crash Data in Racial Profiling Research

Alpert

Smith

Dunham

2004

Justice Research and Policy

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“…The objective of data analysis is to identify racial patterns of disparity. One of the early surveys on racial profiling is due to (Engel et al, 2002). More recent papers include (Farrell & McDevitt, 2010;Tillyer et al, 2010), reviewing vehicle stops approaches.…”

Section: Racial Profilingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Discrimination Data Analysis: A Multi-disciplinary Bibliography

Romei

Ruggieri

2013

Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics

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Discrimination data analysis has been investigated for the last fifty years in a large body of social, legal, and economic studies. Recently, discrimination discovery and prevention has become a blooming research topic in the knowledge discovery community. This chapter provides a multi-disciplinary annotated bibliography of the literature on discrimination data analysis, with the intended objective to provide a common basis to researchers from a multi-disciplinary perspective.We cover legal, sociological, economic and computer science references

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“…One of the first surveys on racial profiling is by Engel et al (2002). A more recent paper by Tillyer et al (2010) reviews initial stop and post-stop outcome approaches.…”

Section: Annotated Bibliographymentioning

confidence: 99%

A multidisciplinary survey on discrimination analysis

Romei

Ruggieri

2013

The Knowledge Engineering Review

234

173

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The collection and analysis of observational and experimental data represent the main tools for assessing the presence, the extent, the nature, and the trend of discrimination phenomena. Data analysis techniques have been proposed in the last fifty years in the economic, legal, statistical, and, recently, in the data mining literature. This is not surprising, since discrimination analysis is a multi-disciplinary problem, involving sociological causes, legal argumentations, economic models, statistical techniques, computational issues. The objective of this survey is to provide a guidance and a glue for researchers and anti-discrimination data analysts on concepts, problems, application areas, datasets, methods and approaches from a multidisciplinary perspective. We organize the approaches according to their method of data collection as observational, quasi-experimental and experimental studies. A fourth line of recently blooming research on knowledge discovery based methods is also covered. Observational methods are further categorized on the basis of their application context: labor economics, social profiling, consumer markets, and others.

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Theory and racial profiling: Shortcomings and future directions in research

Cited by 209 publications

References 38 publications

Toward a Better Benchmark: Assessing the Utility of Not-at-Fault Traffic Crash Data in Racial Profiling Research

Toward a Better Benchmark: Assessing the Utility of Not-at-Fault Traffic Crash Data in Racial Profiling Research

Discrimination Data Analysis: A Multi-disciplinary Bibliography

A multidisciplinary survey on discrimination analysis

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