Theory, development, and applicability of the surface water hydrologic model <i>CASC2D</i>

Downer, Charles W.; Ogden, Fred L.; Martin, William D.; Harmon, Russell S.

doi:10.1002/hyp.338

Cited by 83 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In benchmark tests using the three methods: original explicit (EXPLICIT), ADE, and ADEPC, in an contrived watershed consisting of two converging planes (open book), the Goodwin Creek Experimental Watershed (GCEW) , and Poplar Creek (Downer et al 2002a), the ADE and ADEPC methods ran with significantly larger time-steps . Depending on the test case, time-steps could be increased from 20 percent to 240 percent with commensurate decreases in simulation times.…”

Section: Overland Flow Routingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The U.S. Army, with additional support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), funded the development of the physically-based, distributed parameter, Hortonian runoff model CASC2D (Ogden and Julien 2002;Downer et al 2002a). Past experience with CASC2D has been favorable when the model has been properly applied, i.e., when Hortonian flow is the dominant process (Doe and Saghafian 1992;Doe et al 1996;Ogden et al 2000;Senarath et al 2000;Downer et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While Army experience with CASC2D has generally been favorable, there are many instances where the assumptions inherent in the CASC2D model limit its applicability Downer et al 2002a). Figure 1 illustrates hillslope hydrology with an emphasis on the different runoff and streamflow generating processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1 illustrates hillslope hydrology with an emphasis on the different runoff and streamflow generating processes. When saturation excess runoff, groundwater discharge to stream, exfiltration, etc., contribute significantly to the streamflow, the application of Hortonian runoff models is ill advised and can lead to erroneous results (Loague and Freeze 1985;Loague 1990;Grayson et al 1992;Smith et al 1994;Loague and Kyriakidis 1997;Downer et al 2002a). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA) User's Manual; Version 1.43 for Watershed Modeling System 6.1

Downer¹,

Ogden²

2006

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Abstract:The need to simulate surface water flows in watersheds with diverse runoff production mechanisms has led to the development of the physically-based hydrologic model Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA). GSSHA is a reformulation and enhancement of the two-dimensional, physically based model CASC2D. The GSSHA model is capable of simulating stream flow generated by a variety of sources, including runoff due to infiltration excess and saturated sources areas and seeps, as well as direct interaction between streams and the saturated groundwater. The model employs mass-conserving solutions of partial differential equations. The hydrologic components are closely linked, assuring an overall mass balance. The model has been applied to a diverse variety of projects and has been proven useful for analysis of hydrologic and sedimentation processes, and can provide information needed for designed systems and the potential effects of projects, land-use change, environmental restoration, best management practices, climate change, and related issues. This manual describes the model formulation, model input, and provides information on the practice of hydrologic modeling with GSSHA, and hydrologic modeling in general.

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Section: Overland Flow Routingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA) User's Manual; Version 1.43 for Watershed Modeling System 6.1

Downer¹,

Ogden²

2006

Self Cite

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“…As result of this, full process description and distributed hydrological modelling, assisted by detailed catchment descriptions, has become feasible, leading to the improvement in the understanding and representation of both runoff formation and propagation dynamics (Winchell et al, 1998;Giannoni et al, 2000). Distributed modelling allows us to understand the role played by space and time rainfall distribution (Giannoni et al, 2003), by soil and vegetation heterogeneity, and by the 40 F. Silvestro et al: Exploiting remote sensing LST in distributed hydrological modelling drainage network structure (Downer et al, 2002;Giannoni et al, 2000Giannoni et al, , 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting remote sensing land surface temperature in distributed hydrological modelling: the example of the Continuum model

Silvestro

Gabellani

Delogu

et al. 2013

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Full process description and distributed hydrological models are very useful tools in hydrology as they can be applied in different contexts and for a wide range of aims such as flood and drought forecasting, water management, and prediction of impact on the hydrologic cycle due to natural and human-induced changes. Since they must mimic a variety of physical processes, they can be very complex and with a high degree of parameterization. This complexity can be increased by necessity of augmenting the number of observable state variables in order to improve model validation or to allow data assimilation.In this work a model, aiming at balancing the need to reproduce the physical processes with the practical goal of avoiding over-parameterization, is presented. The model is designed to be implemented in different contexts with a special focus on data-scarce environments, e.g. with no streamflow data.All the main hydrological phenomena are modelled in a distributed way. Mass and energy balance are solved explicitly. Land surface temperature (LST), which is particularly suited to being extensively observed and assimilated, is an explicit state variable.A performance evaluation, based on both traditional and satellite derived data, is presented with a specific reference to the application in an Italian catchment. The model has been firstly calibrated and validated following a standard approach based on streamflow data. The capability of the model in reproducing both the streamflow measurements and the land surface temperature from satellites has been investigated.The model has been then calibrated using satellite data and geomorphologic characteristics of the basin in order to test its application on a basin where standard hydrologic observations (e.g. streamflow data) are not available. The results have been compared with those obtained by the standard calibration strategy based on streamflow data.

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Exploring storage and runoff generation processes for urban flooding through a physically based watershed model

Smith

Baeck

et al. 2015

Water Resources Research

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A physically based model of the 14 km 2 Dead Run watershed in Baltimore County, MD was created to test the impacts of detention basin storage and soil storage on the hydrologic response of a small urban watershed during flood events. The Dead Run model was created using the Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA) algorithms and validated using U.S. Geological Survey stream gaging observations for the Dead Run watershed and 5 subbasins over the largest 21 warm season flood events during [2008][2009][2010][2011][2012]. Removal of the model detention basins resulted in a median peak discharge increase of 11% and a detention efficiency of 0.5, which was defined as the percent decrease in peak discharge divided by percent detention controlled area. Detention efficiencies generally decreased with increasing basin size. We tested the efficiency of detention basin networks by focusing on the ''drainage network order,'' akin to the stream order but including storm drains, streams, and culverts. The detention efficiency increased dramatically between first-order detention and second-order detention but was similar for second and third-order detention scenarios. Removal of the soil compacted layer, a common feature in urban soils, resulted in a 7% decrease in flood peak discharges. This decrease was statistically similar to the flood peak decrease caused by existing detention. Current soil storage within the Dead Run watershed decreased flood peak discharges by a median of 60%. Numerical experiment results suggested that detention basin storage and increased soil storage have the potential to substantially decrease flood peak discharges.

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Theory, development, and applicability of the surface water hydrologic model CASC2D

Cited by 83 publications

References 37 publications

Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA) User's Manual; Version 1.43 for Watershed Modeling System 6.1

Gridded Surface Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA) User's Manual; Version 1.43 for Watershed Modeling System 6.1

Exploiting remote sensing land surface temperature in distributed hydrological modelling: the example of the Continuum model

Exploring storage and runoff generation processes for urban flooding through a physically based watershed model

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