Theory of a Mach Effect Thruster II

Abstract

According to Einstein, General Relativity contains the essence of Mach's ideas. Mach's principle can be summarized by stating that the inertia of a body is determined by the rest of the mass-energy content of the universe. Inertia here arises from mass-energy there. The latter, was a statement made by John Wheeler in his 1995 book, Gravitation and Inertia, coauthored by Ciufolini. Einstein believed that to be fully Machian, gravity would need a radiative component, an action-at-a-distance character, so that gravitational influences on a body from far away could be felt immediately. In 1960's, Hoyle and Narlikar (HN) developed such a theory which was a gravitational version of the Absorber theory derived by Wheeler-Feynman for classical electrodynamics and later expanded upon by Davies and Narlikar for quantum electrodynamics. The HN-field equation has the same type of mass fluctuation terms as in the Woodward Mach effect thruster theory. The force equation, used to predict the thrust in our device, can be derived from the mass fluctuation. We outline a new method for deriving the force equation. We present new experimental tests of the thruster to show that the thrust seen in our device is not due to either heating or Dean Drive effects. Successful replications have been performed by groups in Austria and Canada, but their work is still pending in the peer review literature.

The concept of creating thrust based on angular momentum change

“…Constraint (27) can only be satisfied by very low-energy particles. For example, the Compton wavelength of a hypothetical particle graviton λ > 1 • 10 16 m [20].…”

“…Low-energy particles, satisfying condition (27), have energy far beyond the measurement error of the Large Hadron Collider. However, according to the given hypothesis, there is emission from a stream of low-energy particles with spin.…”

“…According to the proposed hypothesis, a device creating thrust without mass consumption should provide high-frequency oscillations of the working fluid and receive a useful flow of lowenergy elementary particles with spin. The most famous attempts to implement such devices are EM-Drive Thruster [25,26] and Mach effect thruster [27].…”

The concept of creating thrust based on angular momentum change

“…According to the proposed hypothesis, a device creating thrust without mass consumption should provide high-frequency oscillations of the working fluid and receive a useful flow of lowenergy elementary particles with spin. The most famous attempts to implement such devices are EM-Drive Thruster [28,29] and Mach effect thruster [30].…”

“…Tsiolkovsky presented ideas about jet propulsion [1]. For further space exploration, more efficient launch methods are being developed (catapult systems, air launch, space elevator, space tower) [2] and methods of movement in space (orbital skyhook [3], solar sail [4], ion engine [5], laser engine [6], as well as non-reactive EM-Drive engines [7] and Mach effect thruster [8], hypothetical WARP-Drive engine [9], etc.). In Russia, some projects for the development of jet engines for Roscosmos were recognized by the Commission on Combating Pseudoscience RAS [10] as pseudoscientific.…”