Theory of electromagnetic energy transfer in three-dimensional structures

Vigneron, Jean‐Pol; Forati, Fatiha; André, D.; Castiaux, Annick; Derycke, Isabelle; Dereux, Alain

doi:10.1016/0304-3991(95)00097-6

Cited by 17 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…However, experiment has also shown that a germanium film is not able to give rise to an Ebbesen effect. We then also need to explain here why in the case of germanium nothing interesting can be observed.Our simulations rest on a coupled modes method (which takes into account the periodicity of the device permittivity) associated with the use of the scattering matrix formalism [8,14]. In this way, we calculate the amplitudes of the reflected and transmitted field, for each diffracted order (which correspond to a vector − → g of the reciprocal lattice) according to their polarization (s or p).…”

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Optical properties of tungsten thin films perforated with a bidimensional array of subwavelength holes

Sarrazin

Vigneron

2003

Phys. Rev. E

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We present a theorical investigation of the optical transmission of a dielectric grating carved in a tungsten layer. For appropriate wavelengths tungsten shows indeed a dielectric behaviour. Our numerical simulations leads to theoretical results similar to those found with metallic systems studied in earlier works. The interpretation of our results rests on the idea that the transmission is correlated with the resonant response of eigenmodes coupled to evanescent diffraction orders.For a few years, properties and technological applications of one-or two-dimensionnal metallic gratings have received a growing interest. In 1998, Ebbesen et al [1] reported on optical transmission experiments performed on periodic arrays of subwavelength cylindrical holes drilled in a thin metallic layer deposited on glass. These experiments renewed the motivation for investigating metallic gratings. Two attractive characteristics of their results are often cited : the transmission, which is a lot higher than the addition of individual holes contributions, and the peculiar wavelength dependance of the transmission. Further work [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] has suggested that these features arise from the presence of the metallic layer, and call for the presence of surface plasmons in order to explain these transmission characteristics. In particular, they have identified the convex high transmission regions, i.e., the regions between the minima, as regions dominated by the plasmon response. However, many questions remain and need to be answered in order to clarify the mechanisms involved in these experiments.In a recent paper [8], extensive simulations have been performed in order to understand the optical properties of a chromium layer similar to those developed in experiments. Recalling of Wood's anomalies [9], it is shown that the transmission and reflection are better described as Fano's profiles correlated with resonant response of the eigenmodes coupled to nonhomogeneous diffraction orders. Indeed, as explained by V.U. Fano [10], A. Hessel and A.A. Oliner [11] for one dimensional gratings, Wood's anomalies are related to eigenmodes grating excitation. To be accurate, they have shown that Wood's anomalies [11] may arise in two ways. The first case occurs at Rayleigh's wavelengths, when a diffracted order becomes grazing to the grating plane [12]. The diffracted beam intensity then increases just before the diffracted order vanishes. The other case is related to a resonance effect. Such resonances come from coupling between the incident light and the eigenmodes of the grating. Both types of anomalies may occur separately and independently, or may almost coincide.In our previous paper [8], as we used metal in our device, it seemed natural to assume that these resonances are surface plasmons. Nevertheless, it is important to note that our analysis did not make any hypothesis on the origin of the eigenmodes. This implies that it could be possible to obtain transmission curves similar to those found for metals, by substituting guided modes...

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Optical properties of tungsten thin films perforated with a bidimensional array of subwavelength holes

Sarrazin

Vigneron

2003

Phys. Rev. E

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“…Then, the electromagnetic field is described by Bloch's waves which can too be described by a Fourier series. In this context, Maxwell's equations take the form of a matricial first order differential equation along to the z axis perpendicular to the x and y axis where the permittivity is periodic [32,33]. The heart of the method is to solve this equation.…”

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“…Reflected and transmitted amplitudes are linked to the incident field by the use of the S scattering matrix which is calculated by solving Maxwell's equation using a Fourier series [32]. Let us define F scat as the scattered field, and F in as the incident field, such that…”

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Role of Wood anomalies in optical properties of thin metallic films with a bidimensional array of subwavelength holes

2003

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Recents works deal with the optical transmission on arrays of subwavelength holes in a metallic layer deposited on a dielectric substrate. Making the system as realistic as possible, we perform simulations to enlighten the experimental data. This paper proposes an investigation of the optical properties related to the transmission of such devices. Numerical simulations give theoretical results in good agreement with experiment and we observe that the transmission and reflection behaviour correspond to Fano's profile correlated with resonant response of the eigen modes coupled with nonhomogeneous diffraction orders. We thus conclude that the transmission properties observed could conceivably be explained as resulting from resonant Wood's anomalies.

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“…The transmittance was calculated by using a Rigorous Coupled-Waves Analysis within the transfer-matrix methodology. [13][14] The dielectric constant of GaN at the wavelength considered is 6.4. 15 The dielectric constant of the current-spreading layer (nickel and gold alloy) was calculated considering ε Ni =-3.7+i 8.1 and ε Au =-1.6+i 6.3.…”

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Genetic algorithms used for the optimization of light-emitting diodes and solar thermal collectors

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We present a genetic algorithm (GA) we developed for the optimization of light-emitting diodes (LED) and solar thermal collectors. The surface of a LED can be covered by periodic structures whose geometrical and material parameters must be adjusted in order to maximize the extraction of light. The optimization of these parameters by the GA enabled us to get a light-extraction efficiency η of 11.0% from a GaN LED (for comparison, the flat material has a light-extraction efficiency η of only 3.7%). The solar thermal collector we considered consists of a waffle-shaped Al substrate with NiCrO x and SnO 2 conformal coatings. We must in this case maximize the solar absorption α while minimizing the thermal emissivity ϵ in the infrared. A multi-objective genetic algorithm has to be implemented in this case in order to determine optimal geometrical parameters. The parameters we obtained using the multi-objective GA enable α~97.8% and ϵ~4.8%, which improves results achieved previously when considering a flat substrate. These two applications demonstrate the interest of genetic algorithms for addressing complex problems in physics.

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Theory of electromagnetic energy transfer in three-dimensional structures

Cited by 17 publications

References 2 publications

Optical properties of tungsten thin films perforated with a bidimensional array of subwavelength holes

Optical properties of tungsten thin films perforated with a bidimensional array of subwavelength holes

Role of Wood anomalies in optical properties of thin metallic films with a bidimensional array of subwavelength holes

Genetic algorithms used for the optimization of light-emitting diodes and solar thermal collectors

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