Theory of Extraction

Pawliszyn, Janusz

doi:10.1002/9780813823621.ch1

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Despite the additional reagent stages, analytical derivatization (AD) of the analyte during sample preparation can significantly increase chromatographic selectivity for good separation as well as sensitivity for measurement of analytes at low concentration levels [164]. Even with the most modern detector, MS, AD boosts sensitivity by one to three orders of magnitude [165]. This technique's application is limited since it requires an additional step in sample preparation that might be time consuming.…”

Section: Solid-phase Analytical Derivatizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity Enhancement for Separation-Based Analytical Techniques Utilizing Solid-Phase Enrichment Approaches and Analyte Derivatization for Trace Analysis in Various Matrices

et al. 2023

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Despite the fact that strong routine separation methodologies can give reliable specificity and validity at usual working pharmaceutical concentrations, they may fail at very low concentration levels. This poses considerable challenges for researchers investigating product purity and therapeutic drug monitoring. Sensitivity enhancement procedures are thus required to maximize the performance of separation techniques. Solid-phase extraction/solid-phase enrichment (SPE/SPEn) and pre-, post-, and in-column derivatization, as well as the use of sensitive detection devices, are the simplest strategies for improving sensitivity of separation-based analytical techniques. Large-volume injection of samples with online SPE/SPEn coupled with separation techniques increased sensitivity and improved detection as well as quantification limits without affecting peak shape and system performance. Although the primary purpose of derivatization is to improve sensitivity and selectivity, greener derivatization is growing in popularity and should be considered in analytical chemistry. In general, two strategies are essential for accomplishing greener derivatization goals. The first is the search for and use of ecologically acceptable derivatizing reagents, solvents, and reaction conditions. The second is miniaturization and automation of analytical methods. This review discusses significant advances in separation-based analytical techniques, specifically enrichment approaches and detector signal improvement for pharmaceutical quantification in various matrices at very low concentration levels. As a result of improved analytical systems setup in drug assays, the possibility of high-throughput analyses was also highlighted.

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Section: Solid-phase Analytical Derivatizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity Enhancement for Separation-Based Analytical Techniques Utilizing Solid-Phase Enrichment Approaches and Analyte Derivatization for Trace Analysis in Various Matrices

et al. 2023

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“…In comparison with the conventional liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) technique, it is simpler and consumes lower amounts of organic solvents. 1 In addition, a wide variety of sorbents of different selectivity allows its application for the extraction of several organic compounds. 2 Sorbent materials have an important function in obtaining high extraction yields and high enrichment factors of analytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of a single and reusable biopolymer-based film for the extraction and preconcentration of anti-inflammatory drugs from environmental water samples

2023

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“…On the other hand, the latter includes analytical technologies such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME), stir-bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), bar adsorptive microextraction (BAμE), thin film microextraction (TFME), solid-phase extraction (SPE) and micro-solid-phase extraction (µSPE), magnetic-solid-phase extraction (mSPE), molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE), immunoaffinity solid-phase extraction (IASPE), microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS), and disposable pipette extraction (DPX). For more details on sample preparation for drug analysis, it is recommended to consult several reference books [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ] and research review articles [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. These miniaturized analytical approaches have been proposed for more than two decades to monitor controlled drugs in biological matrices, such as opioids and related compounds, cocaine and metabolites, amphetamine-type substances (ATS), cannabinoids, hallucinogens, dissociative drugs, and new psychoactive substances (NPS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Microextraction-Based Techniques for Screening-Controlled Drugs in Forensic Context—A Review

et al. 2021

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The analysis of controlled drugs in forensic matrices, i.e., urine, blood, plasma, saliva, and hair, is one of the current hot topics in the clinical and toxicological context. The use of microextraction-based approaches has gained considerable notoriety, mainly due to the great simplicity, cost-benefit, and environmental sustainability. For this reason, the application of these innovative techniques has become more relevant than ever in programs for monitoring priority substances such as the main illicit drugs, e.g., opioids, stimulants, cannabinoids, hallucinogens, dissociative drugs, and related compounds. The present contribution aims to make a comprehensive review on the state-of-the art advantages and future trends on the application of microextraction-based techniques for screening-controlled drugs in the forensic context.

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Theory of Extraction

Cited by 9 publications

References 76 publications

Sensitivity Enhancement for Separation-Based Analytical Techniques Utilizing Solid-Phase Enrichment Approaches and Analyte Derivatization for Trace Analysis in Various Matrices

Sensitivity Enhancement for Separation-Based Analytical Techniques Utilizing Solid-Phase Enrichment Approaches and Analyte Derivatization for Trace Analysis in Various Matrices

Preparation of a single and reusable biopolymer-based film for the extraction and preconcentration of anti-inflammatory drugs from environmental water samples

Application of Microextraction-Based Techniques for Screening-Controlled Drugs in Forensic Context—A Review

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