Theory of gas bubble nucleation in supersaturated solution of vacancies, interstitials and gas atoms

Волков, А. Е.; Ryazanov, A. I.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3115(99)00028-8

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…(18) we note that the increase of R(t) is likely to induce the slowing down of the helium release which is observed in the experiment. This effect is notable if the response times of both x(t) and R(t) are in the same order of magnitude.…”

Section: A Steady-state Diffusion Coupled With the Evolution/growth Osupporting

confidence: 57%

“…During an annealing sequence, following the implantation, these supersaturated vacancies and the gas atoms tend to form bubbles. Their size distribution and concentration can be properly evaluated by solving the Fokker-Planck equations considering the thermodynamic of the system composed of a gas and defects supersaturation in the solid [14][15][16][17][18][19]. The Fokker-Planck (FP) relationships are given by Eqs.…”

Section: Assumptions On the Helium Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eqs. (3) and (4) give the formalism of the latter assumptions, using the 'hard spheres' model [18,23], which is always valid, even for low and high gas densities g. Eq. (5) gives the expression for an ideal gas obtained with g close to zero in Eqs.…”

Section: Assumptions On the Helium Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Behaviour of helium after implantation in molybdenum

Viaud¹,

Maillard²,

Carlot³

et al. 2009

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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Section: A Steady-state Diffusion Coupled With the Evolution/growth Osupporting

confidence: 57%

Section: Assumptions On the Helium Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Behaviour of helium after implantation in molybdenum

Viaud¹,

Maillard²,

Carlot³

et al. 2009

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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“…More recently, application of a general form of the kinetic coefficients of the Fokker-Planck equation describing gas-bubble nucleation in supersaturated solution of vacancies, interstitials, and gas atoms has shown that high densities of gas atoms collected in the nucleated bubbles considerably decrease the critical bubble size and its nucleation barrier [8]. The two-atom nucleation model, described above, is not consistent with this finding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

An analytical study of gas-bubble nucleation mechanisms in uranium-alloy nuclear fuel at high temperature

Rest

2010

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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“…Gas atoms move to free surfaces such as the voids, fill them and produce bubbles. Voids and bubbles are mobile at elevated temperatures and tend to move to grain boundaries [135,100,136,137,138,32,33].…”

Section: Gas Traps: Bubble Nucleation and Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Damage and Fission Product Release in Zirconium Nitride

Egeland

2005

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Zirconium nitride is a material of interest to the AFCI program due to some of its particular properties, such as its high melting point, strength and thermal conductivity. It is to be used as an inert matrix or diluent with a nuclear fuel based on transuranics. As such, it must sustain not only high temperatures, but also continuous irradiation from fission and decay products. This study addresses the issues of irradiation damage and fission product retention in zirconium nitride through an assessment of defects that are produced, how they react, and how predictions can be made as to the overall lifespan of the complete nuclear fuel package.Ion irradiation experiments are a standard method for producing radiation damage to a surface for observation. Cryogenic irradiations are performed to produce the maximum accumulation of defects, while elevated temperature irradiations may be used to allow defects to migrate and react to form clusters and loops. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and grazing-incidence x-ray diffractometry were used in evaluating the effects that irradiation has on the crystal structure and microstructure of the material. Other techniques were employed to evaluate physical effects, such as nanoindentation and helium release measurements.Results of the irradiations showed that, at cryogenic temperatures, ZrN withstood over 200 displacements per atom without amorphization. No significant change to the lattice or microstructure was observed. At elevated temperatures, the large amount of damage showed mobility, but did not anneal significantly. Defect clustering was possibly observed, yet the size was too small to evaluate, and bubble formation was not observed.Defects, specifically nitrogen vacancies, affect the mechanical behavior of ZrN dramatically. Current and previous work on dislocations shows a distinct change in slip plane, which is evidence of the bonding characteristics. The stacking-fault energy changes dramatically with lowered nitrogen stoichiometry, resulting in widely spaced partial dislocations in ZrN with high nitrogen vacancy concentration.The wide range of nitrogen stoichiometry in the phase field shows that ZrN may accept nitrogen defects readily. Explanations for this are suggested based upon the bonding structure of these cubic nitrides. This structure allows for a solid framework to remain on one sublattice, while at the same time allowing defects on the other sublattice. This allowance for defects allows significant damage from irradiation yet also decreases the drive for cluster growth. This is evidence that the structure will be acceptable for long-term use as a nuclear reactor fuel.

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Theory of gas bubble nucleation in supersaturated solution of vacancies, interstitials and gas atoms

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

Behaviour of helium after implantation in molybdenum

Behaviour of helium after implantation in molybdenum

An analytical study of gas-bubble nucleation mechanisms in uranium-alloy nuclear fuel at high temperature

Radiation Damage and Fission Product Release in Zirconium Nitride

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