Theory of heat transfer to a shock-tube end-wall from an ionized monatomic gas

Fay, James A.; Kemp, Nelson H.

doi:10.1017/s002211206500040x

Cited by 37 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In the second part, a possibility for establishing a semiempirical relationship for heat transfer from a plasma to a solid body will be discussed; andin the third part, analytical predictions for heat transfer to biased walls will be compared with the corresponding experiments using the water-cooled probe. 32 the temperature distribution and the electron density in the region in front of the probe which is govemed by conduction and diflusion can be calculated for the two· (c) Radiation heat transfer from the plasma to the probe surface is neglected.…”

Section: (C) Comparison Of Experimental Results With Theoretical Predmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Transfer from Thermal Plasmas to Neighboring Walls or Electrodes

Pfender¹

1976

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Abstrac:t-A successful exploitation of thermal plasmas in the field of high temperature chemistry and material processing requires a fundamental understanding of the interaction between a plasma and matter in the condensed phase. In this paper some of the basic aspects involved in the heat exchange between a thermal plasma and solids or liquids are reviewed, with emphasis on recent experimental results obtained at the U niversity of Minnesota. These results refer to plasma heat transfer situations with and without electric current flow to or from the surface under consideration. For both Situations methods have been developed which allow fairly accurate measurements of local heat fluxes over a wide range of plasma parameters. An effective utilization and exploitation of the plasma state requires a thorough understanding of the heat transfer process from a plasma to a solid or a liquid. This process is much more complicated than in the case of an ordinary gas. The existence of free electrons and positive ions in a plasma and the steep gradients of the plasma parameters, particularly in the vicinity of walls or electrodes, give rise to a number of effects which are still poorly understood. The interaction with relatively strong radiation field~ which are typical for thermal plasmas, complicates the situation further.Research in the field of plasma heat transfer received a strong impetus by plasma applications related to space fiight and reentry simulation. Relevant Iiterature references are summarized in Ref. l.There seems to be renewed interest in this field, precipitated by the energy crisis. Both the availability of nuclear fuels and the abundant supplies of coal suggest that an Electric Energy Economy may be at least part of the solution to the long term energy problems. A shift to electricity as the major energy base will have a profound impact on high temperature chemistry and high temperature material processing for which plasma processes may find increasing applications. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]

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Section: (C) Comparison Of Experimental Results With Theoretical Predmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Transfer from Thermal Plasmas to Neighboring Walls or Electrodes

Pfender¹

1976

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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“…= n e /(n e m j = RMj/k B (3) where R and a are universal gas constant and degree of ionization, respectively. Numerical computation of transport properties requires an accurate evaluation of plasma composition.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laminar Stagnation-Point Heat Transfer for a Two-Temperature Argon Plasma

Bose

Seeniraj

1984

AIAA Journal

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A theory for the heat transfer to the stagnation-point boundary layer of an axisymmetric blunt body in a subsonic two-temperature argon plasma flow was developed. Two-temperature transport properties were calculated from the rigorous kinetic theory and are employed in solving the multifluid problem formulated with a wall sheath boundary condition. The system of equations is solved numerically for various problem parameters. The effects of parameters on thermal nonequilibrium characteristics of the boundary layer are discussed. Also shown are the variations in the transport properties across the boundary layer.x,y Nomenclature = mobility coefficient = viscosity-density product ratio, p/i/(p/i) 0 = specific heat of mixture : diffusion coefficient = electric field = ion flux = electronic charge --dimensionless normal velocity = specific mixture enthalpy • -enthalpy of specie, j = ionization index, for neutrals i = 1 = current density = Boltzmann constant = pure heat conduction coefficient for electrons and heavies, respectively = reactive heat conduction coefficient for electrons and heavies, respectively = total heat conduction coefficient for electrons and heavies, respectively = constants in Eq. (16) = mass of a particle = molar mass = Avogadro number = total number density = number density of j species = pressure = Prandtl number = heat flux = universal gas constant = Reynolds number = nose radius of blunt body = wall radius from the axis of symmetry = transformation coordinate in x direction, Eq. (14) = Stanton number = temperature = freestream velocity = velocity components in x and y directions, respectively = diffusion velocity of j species = mole fraction of j species = coordinates (Fig. 1) a = degree of ionization j] = dimensionless coordinate in y direction /A = viscosity F = volumetric collision frequency 0 = temperature ratio T e /T h p = density (p = plasma sheath potential a = electrical conductivity 8j 2 = defined in Eqs. (23) and (24) 8y = potential drop in boundary layer, Eq. (25) A =T W /(T 0 -T W ) V = d/dx + d/dy Subscripts amb = ambipolar a,n = neutral atom b = edge of plasma sheath e = electron / = field H = ions plus neutrals h = heavy particle / = ion r = reactive part of heat conductivity coefficient w = wall or surface oo, 0 = freestream condition 17 = differentiation with respect to TJ Superscripts ( )* = dimensionless quantities

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“…Fay and Kemp (Ref. 39) considered the heat transfer to a shock-tube end wall from an ionized monatomic gas for both frozen and equilibrium flows;…”

Section: * 21mentioning

confidence: 99%