Theory of Land Drainage

Schilfgaarde, Jan van; Engelund, Frank; Kirkham, Don; Peterson, Dean F.; Maasland, M.

doi:10.2134/agronmonogr7.c2

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The water flux associated with the tile drainage from the subsurface domain can be calculated from Hooghoudt's drainage model (Ritzema, 1994; van Schilfgaarde et al., 1957). The assumptions for the derivation of this model include homogeneous soil, horizontal flow (vertical equipotential lines), uniform drain spacing, steady‐state flow, and impermeable layer underlying the drains.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Effects of Artificial Drainage on Agriculture‐Dominated Watersheds Using a Fully Distributed Integrated Hydrology Model

Rathore,

Svyatsky,

Coon

et al. 2024

Water Resources Research

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In agriculture‐dominated watersheds where natural drainage is poor, agricultural ditches (narrow engineered channels) and tile drains (perforated pipes) are widely employed to enhance surface and subsurface drainage, respectively. Despite their relatively small scale, these features exert substantial control over the hydro‐biogeochemical function of watersheds and their effects need to be represented in the models. We introduce a novel strategy to incorporate the effects of artificial agricultural drainage into a fully distributed basin‐scale integrated surface‐subsurface hydrology models. In our approach, narrow agriculture ditches for surface drainage are resolved efficiently using ditch‐aligned computational meshes that are hydrologically conditioned to ensure connectivity in the stream/ditch network. For tile drainage in the subsurface, we use the physically based Hooghoudt's drainage equation as a subgrid model and route the water drained through tiles to the nearest ditch. Without site‐specific calibration, this model reproduced observed streamflow in the Portage River Watershed (>1,000 km2) as recorded by a USGS gauge with good accuracy (normalized KGE = 0.81) and outperformed a calibrated SWAT model (normalized KGE = 0.68). Numerical experiments confirm that artificial drainage reduces surface inundations and effectively controls the water table. At the watershed scale, artificial drainage increases baseflow but has little effect on watershed discharges above the 90th percentile. The strong physical underpinnings and reduced need for calibration allow us to study the impacts of artificial drainage on distributed hydrological response in terms of fluxes and states and provide a platform for investigating watershed‐scale nutrient transport.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Effects of Artificial Drainage on Agriculture‐Dominated Watersheds Using a Fully Distributed Integrated Hydrology Model

Rathore,

Svyatsky,

Coon

et al. 2024

Water Resources Research

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“…To more accurately model and reflect real-world tile drainage systems, Moriasi et al, (2007) developed a new tile drainage simulation method using the more robust, physically based Hooghoudt (1940) and Kirkham (1957) drainage equations (Boles, 2013;Frankenberger et al, 2013;Guo et al, 2018;Rahman, 2011;Rahman et al, 2011;Schilling et al, 2019). These drainage equations, as well as a drainage coefficient, were incorporated into SWAT 2012, beginning with version 531 (Boles, 2013;Frankenberger et al, 2013;Schilling et al, 2019).…”

Section: Tile Drainage In Swatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the Potential Influence of Subsurface Tile Drainage Systems on Downstream Flooding in a Midwestern Agricultural Watershed

White,

Sharda,

Ahaiblame

et al. 2024

Journal of the ASABE

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Highlights Tile flow was simulated to study the impacts of tile drainage on watershed hydrology and downstream flood days. Three tile drainage scenarios with varied extents of drained land were compared with a baseline scenario. The depth of tile flow contributing to streamflow was found to increase as the area of drained land increased. Results suggest that drainage systems decrease flood days when compared to the baseline scenario. Abstract. Subsurface tile drainage systems are common in agricultural regions of the Midwestern United States. Drainage systems remove excess water from the surface and soil profile of agricultural fields, allowing crop production in previously unsuitable locations. However, these systems impact watershed hydrology and could influence flooding events. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether tile drainage systems influence downstream flood days in a Midwestern agricultural watershed, specifically the Skunk Creek watershed. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to simulate the hydrologic processes of the Skunk Creek Watershed for an 18-year period (2004–2021). The model was calibrated and validated using observed daily streamflow data with the SWAT Calibration and Uncertainty Program (SWAT-CUP) software and through the manual modification of missed precipitation data. Three tile drainage scenarios—ranging from 15% to 75% tile-drained agricultural land—were individually incorporated into the model. Results indicated that with increased tile drainage, surface runoff, groundwater flow, deep aquifer recharge, and percolation decreased, whereas lateral soil flow, tile flow, evapotranspiration, and water yield increased. A comparison of tile drainage scenarios suggests that increasing the area of tile-drained agricultural land decreases total flood days. However, the impact of tile drainage systems on downstream peak flood flows varied by event, with large precipitation events initiating flood days across all scenarios. While tile flow decreased flood days on a daily time step, flash floods might have occurred on a sub-daily time step but were not captured in this study. Future studies can replicate the approach with a sub-daily time step for simulating hourly flood events with various tile drainage scenarios. Keywords: Midwestern United States, Streamflow, SWAT, Tile drainage, Watershed hydrology.

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“…The RO item was negligible. When there is water on the local surface, the Kirkham formula [33] is used to calculate the underground drainage. When the water level Is below the surface, the Hooghout steady flow formula [34] is used for calculation.…”

Section: Drainmod-s Model 231 Model Description Input Data and Applic...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating Water and Salt Migration through Soils with a Clay Layer and Subsurface Pipe Drainage System at Different Depths Using the DRAINMOD-S Model

Tian,

Miao,

Shi

et al. 2023

Agronomy

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Soil salinization affects more than 25% of land globally. Subsurface pipe drainage is known for its effectiveness in improving saline–alkali land. The red clay layer (RCL) hinders soil improvement in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia, China. The soil water and salt migration rules at different buried depths and RCL were studied based on the field subsurface pipe drainage test and simulation using the DRAINMOD-S model (Version 6.1). The following implications can be drawn from the results: (1) Although the RCL affected the accuracy of the model, the calibrated statistical results met the application requirements, and the DRAINMOD-S model can be used to analyze subsurface pipe drainage under different distribution conditions of the RCL. (2) The RCL can reduce the drainage efficiency of the subsurface pipe, specifically when the distribution is shallow. (3) The soil desalting rate increased with an increase in the buried depth of the subsurface pipe. The desalination effect of shallow soil was better than that of deep soil. The RCL reduced the drainage and salt removal efficiency of the subsurface pipe. Burying the subsurface pipe as far above the RCL as possible should be considered. Thus, it is feasible to apply the DRAINMOD-S model to relevant studies.

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Theory of Land Drainage

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Modeling the Effects of Artificial Drainage on Agriculture‐Dominated Watersheds Using a Fully Distributed Integrated Hydrology Model

Modeling the Effects of Artificial Drainage on Agriculture‐Dominated Watersheds Using a Fully Distributed Integrated Hydrology Model

Modeling the Potential Influence of Subsurface Tile Drainage Systems on Downstream Flooding in a Midwestern Agricultural Watershed

Simulating Water and Salt Migration through Soils with a Clay Layer and Subsurface Pipe Drainage System at Different Depths Using the DRAINMOD-S Model

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