“…Chain growth modeling is pivotal in enhancing the understanding of polymerization dynamics of carbohydrate polymers. The probability of chain extension by one monomer is determined by preceding monomer in a first-order Markov chain, by the preceding diad in a second-order Markov chain, and is independent of any preceding monomer or diad in a Bernoulli chain [9,11,12]. A validated model can be used for predicting functionrelated structure modifications such as C-5 epimerization of alginates, de-N-acetylation of chitins, and deesterification of homogalacturonans [9,13,14].…”