Theory of Ultralong‐Range Rydberg Molecule Formation Incorporating Spin‐Dependent Relativistic Effects: Cs(6s)–Cs(np) as Case Study

Markson, Samuel C.; Rittenhouse, Seth T.; Schmidt, Richard; Shaffer, James P.; Sadeghpour, H. R.

doi:10.1002/cphc.201600932

Cited by 32 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Photoassociation experiments have since formed ns, np, and nd Rydberg molecules of both Rb and Cs [19][20][21][22][23][24], and recently even "trilobite" and "butterfly" molecules consisting of large admixtures of high-l states with very large permanent electric dipole moments (PEDMs) [25,26]. Several recent works have explored effects related to the hyperfine splitting in these molecules, beginning with a joint theoretical and experimental investigation [24,27] and recently including studies of mixed singlet-triplet potentials [21,28,29] and the ability of this mixing to induce a spin-flip [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hamiltonian for the inclusion of spin effects in long-range Rydberg molecules

Eiles

Greene

2017

Phys. Rev. A

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The interaction between a Rydberg electron and a neutral atom situated inside its extended orbit is described via contact interactions for each atom-electron scattering channel. In ultracold environments, these interactions lead to long-range molecules with binding energies typically ranging from 10-10 4 MHz. These energies are comparable to the relativistic and hyperfine structure of the separate atomic components. Studies of molecular formation aiming to reproduce observations with spectroscopic accuracy must therefore include the hyperfine splitting of the neutral atom and the spin-orbit (SO) splittings of both the Rydberg atom and the electron-atom interaction. Adiabatic potential energy curves (PECs) and permanent electric dipole moments (PEDMs) are presented for Rb2 and Cs2. The influence of spin degrees of freedom on the PECs and multipole moments probed in recent experimental work is elucidated, and the observed dipole moments of butterfly molecules are explained by the generalized 3 PJ -pseudopotential derived here.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hamiltonian for the inclusion of spin effects in long-range Rydberg molecules

Eiles

Greene

2017

Phys. Rev. A

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“…We expect that with a higher spectroscopic resolution (eventually limited by the lifetime of the Rydberg molecule), also ultralong‐range molecules can be tested with respect to their angular momentum couplings. This should be helpful in shining light on unresolved questions regarding relativistic spin–orbit interactions in the scattering process …”

Section: Photoassociation Spectroscopy Of Rydberg Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excitation of Rydberg Molecules in Ultracold Quantum Gases

Lippe

Eichert

Thomas

et al. 2019

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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Recent experiments in our group on the excitation of Rydberg molecules in ultracold quantum gases have been reviewed. Quantum gases are a well‐suited environment to excite Rydberg molecules, due to the high atomic density and the perfect control of the internal spin degrees of freedom and the center of mass motion of the atoms. In parallel, the coupling to Rydberg molecules can be used to probe and manipulate the interaction in ultracold quantum gases. In this Feature Article, a comprehensive introduction to the field of Rydberg molecules, including ultralong‐range molecules and butterfly molecules is given. The Rydberg molecules have been characterized spectroscopically and their internal spin structure is discussed. Then, it is shown how these Rydberg molecules work as a tool to monitor the double occupancy in optical lattice experiments and to change the inter‐particle interaction with the help of a so‐called optical Feshbach resonance.

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“…(13) will be given in reference to the equivalent atomic transition, however, excluding the Frank-Condon factor eq. (14).…”

Section: Rotational States Of Rydberg Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoassociation of rotating ultra-long range Rydberg molecules

Thomas

Lippe

Eichert

et al. 2018

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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In this work we discuss the rotational structure of Rydberg molecules. We calculate the complete wave function in a laboratory fixed frame and derive the transition matrix elements for the photoassociation of free ground state atoms. We discuss the implications for the excitation of different rotational states as well as the shape of the angular nuclear wave function. We find a rather complex shape and unintuitive coupling strengths, depending on the angular momenta coupling that are relevant for the states. This work explains the different steps to calculate the wave functions and the transition matrix elements in a way, that they can be directly transferred to different molecular states, atomic species or molecular coupling cases.

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Theory of Ultralong‐Range Rydberg Molecule Formation Incorporating Spin‐Dependent Relativistic Effects: Cs(6s)–Cs(np) as Case Study

Cited by 32 publications

References 33 publications

Hamiltonian for the inclusion of spin effects in long-range Rydberg molecules

Hamiltonian for the inclusion of spin effects in long-range Rydberg molecules

Excitation of Rydberg Molecules in Ultracold Quantum Gases

Photoassociation of rotating ultra-long range Rydberg molecules

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