TheraPearl Eye Mask and Blephasteam for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction: a randomized, comparative clinical trial

Olafsson, Jonatan; Lai, Xiaoran; Landsend, Erlend Christoffer Sommer; Ólafsson, Snorri; Parissi, Eric; Utheim, Øygunn Aass; Ræder, Sten; Badian, Reza A.; Lagali, Neil; Dartt, Darlene A.; Utheim, Tor Paaske

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-01899-8

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…Multiple eyelid-warming devices, ie, a steam-based system goggle: Blephasteam ® (Spectrum Thea Pharmaceuticals LTD, Macclesfield, UK), heat-generating chemicals system eyemask: EyeGiene ® (Eyedetec Medical Inc., Danville, CA, USA), or gel-bead heat delivery system eyemask: TheraPearl ® (Bausch & Lomb Inc., New York, USA) might facilitate eyelid warming process and keep more consistent delivery of heat over the time when applying these devices on eyelid. 36 , 37 One previous research demonstrated the favorable effect of Blephasteam over the conventional method in terms of the better improvement of symptoms. 37 Future studies are required to identify the best ways to perform lid hygiene to optimize patient compliance and treatment outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compliance with Lid Hygiene in Patients with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Chuckpaiwong¹,

Nonpassopon²,

Lekhanont³

et al. 2022

OPTH

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Purpose To evaluate the level and predictor of compliance with lid hygiene of the patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) by a specially designed and validated questionnaire. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted among patients with symptomatic meibomian gland dysfunction visiting at Ramathibodi Hospital from April 2019 to December 2020. Dry eye symptom, fluorescein tear breakup time (TBUT), ocular surface staining, lid morphology, meibum quality, and meibum expressibility were evaluated. All patients were instructed to perform lid hygiene two times daily. Eight weeks after receiving the instruction, the patients were asked to complete a newly developed seven-item questionnaire to assess compliance. The associated factors limiting treatment adherence were evaluated. Proper statistical analyses were used to determine the relationships between compliance and non-compliance and a group of relevant baseline variables. P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results A total of 77 patients were recruited into the study. Sixty-three patients (81.8%) were female. The mean age was 66.71 ± 8.17 years old (42–87 years). Good compliance with lid hygiene was reported by 42 patients (54.6%). Patient demographic factors or the number of concurrent systemic or ophthalmic drugs were not significantly different between the compliance and non-compliance groups. Some clinical signs, including the higher scores of meibomian gland expressibility and moderate to severe ocular surface staining, were significantly positively associated with lid hygiene compliance ( χ 2 = 10.13, P = 0.001 and χ 2 = 10.48, P = 0.001, respectively). A lack of time was the most notable reason for non-compliance. Conclusion Approximately half of the patients with symptomatic MGD had good compliance with lid hygiene by the specific questionnaire. Appropriate patient education and optimization methods of lid hygiene may promote patient compliance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compliance with Lid Hygiene in Patients with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Chuckpaiwong¹,

Nonpassopon²,

Lekhanont³

et al. 2022

OPTH

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“…TheraPearl Eye Mask and Blephasteam for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction: a randomized, comparative clinical trial. 25 70 Improved symptoms Improved tear stability Not reported MGDRx OPTASE Murphy et al 2020. The Efficacy of Warm Compresses in the Treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Demodex Folliculorum Blepharitis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eyelid Warming Devices: Safety, Efficacy, and Place in Therapy

Bzovey¹,

Ngo²

2022

OPTO

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Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is characterized by the obstruction and/or inflammation of the meibomian glands that result in decreased and altered meibum secretion. This results in deficiencies in the tear film lipid layer which contributes to increased evaporation and destabilization of the tear film. One of the mainstay therapies for MGD is medical devices that apply heat and/or pressure to the eyelids and promote the liquification and outflow of meibum into the tear film. Over the past two decades, there have been a surge of interest in diagnosing and managing MGD. As a result, numerous medical devices have been developed and each have their own unique approach to treating MGD. This narrative review was conducted to summarize the current state of knowledge on eyelid warming devices, specifically warm eye coverings, devices that direct heat and/or pressure to the eyelids, moisture chamber goggles, and light-based therapy. This review summarized 58 human clinical studies and found that most eyelid warming devices were efficacious in improving signs and symptoms in a wide range of MGD severities and were generally safe to use.

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“…The study was part of an open-label, randomized comparative trial [ 8 ] (Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT03318874 ). The trial compared eyelid warming with either Therapearl eye mask (Bausch and Lomb Inc., New York, USA) or Blephasteam (Spectrum Thea Pharmaceuticals LTD, Macclesfield, UK) for the treatment of MGD.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The participants were randomized into treatment with either Blephasteam or Therapearl [ 8 ]. They were examined at the start of treatment (baseline), and after three and six months.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Improved excretion of lipids from the meibomian glands could stabilize the tear film, reduce evaporation, and prevent damage of the ocular surface. We have previously investigated the efficacy of eyelid warming with heated steam compared with dry heat [ 8 ]. In the current study, we hypothesize that eyelid warming changes the concentrations of cytokines in the tear fluid of patients with MGD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Change in Ocular Surface Staining during Eyelid Warming Is Related to Tear Cytokine Levels

Landsend

Olafsson

Lai

et al. 2022

Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose. To investigate the changes in the tear cytokine profile of patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) treated with eyelid warming and to correlate these changes with clinical parameters for dry eye disease (DED). Methods. Seventy patients with MGD were included and treated with the warming of eyelids. Of these, 61 still used the treatment three months after baseline, while 48 completed the whole treatment period of six months. The concentrations of 39 cytokines in the tear fluid were measured at baseline and after three and six months of treatment. All participants were examined with tests for DED, including tear film break-up time (TBUT), ocular surface staining (OSS), and the self-reporting Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). Changes in cytokine concentrations were assessed from baseline to three months, from three to six months, and from baseline to six months. Correlation analyses were performed between changes in the cytokine concentrations and changes in TBUT, OSS, and OSDI during the same time intervals. Results. No significant changes were found in the concentrations of the 39 cytokines during any of the three treatment intervals. However, several correlations were detected between changes in the level of cytokines and OSS from baseline to three months of treatment. Decreasing concentrations of granulocyte chemotactic protein 2 (GCP-2/CXCL6, mean effect 2.36, p = 0.042 ), interleukin 10 (IL-10, mean effect 1.04, p = 0.045 ), and IL-16 (mean effect 1.36, p = 0.035 ) were associated with decreasing OSS. Decreasing concentrations of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF, mean effect −2.98, p = 0.024 ), IL-8 (IL-8/CXCL8, mean effect −1.35, p = 0.026 ), and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF, mean effect −2.44, p = 0.033 ) were related to increasing OSS. Conclusions. Warming of eyelids did not change the concentration of cytokines in the tear fluid of patients with MGD significantly. However, alterations in the level of several cytokines were associated with changes in the OSS. This finding indicates a close connection between tear cytokines and OSS in MGD patients treated with eyelid warming.

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TheraPearl Eye Mask and Blephasteam for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction: a randomized, comparative clinical trial

Cited by 8 publications

References 61 publications

Compliance with Lid Hygiene in Patients with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Compliance with Lid Hygiene in Patients with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Eyelid Warming Devices: Safety, Efficacy, and Place in Therapy

Change in Ocular Surface Staining during Eyelid Warming Is Related to Tear Cytokine Levels

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