Therapeugenic factors in psychotherapy: Effects of office decor and subject-therapist sex pairing on the perception of credibility.

Bloom, Larry J.; Weigel, Richard G.; Trautt, Gregory M.

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.45.5.867

Cited by 53 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…I t was hypothesized that previous results (Bloom et al, 1977;Merluzzi et al, 1The authors wish to thank Mark G. Sbarra for his valuable assistance in the collection and…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A characteristic that has an impact on clients' perceptions is therapist gender. For example, Bloom, Weigel and Trautt (1977) found that therapists' sex and office decor interacted such that a female therapist in a traditional-professional office was perceived as significantly more credible than one in an ofice of humanistic decor. However, a male therapist in a humanistic office was viewed as more credible than one in a traditional-professional office.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The present study is an attempt to explore client sex role orientation as a variable that may contribute to that differential perception of female therapists. I t was hypothesized that previous results (Bloom et al, 1977;Merluzzi et al, 1The authors wish to thank Mark G. Sbarra for his valuable assistance in the collection and…”

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confidence: 99%

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Androgyny, stereotypy and the perception of female therapists

Merluzzi

1981

J. Clin. Psychol.

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Assessed the effects of female therapists' experience (expert or nonexpert) and disclosure level (high or low) and Ss' sex role orientation (stereotyped or androgynous) on perceived expertness, attractiveness, and trustworthiness. Forty‐six sex role stereotyped and 46 androgynous Ss rated therapists after they had read three brief transcripts of therapist‐client interactions. Results indicated that experts were seen as more expert and more trustworthy, and high disclosing therapists were seen as more attractive. Moreover, a threeway interaction indicated that trustworthiness ratings of expert females were similar for sterotyped and androgynous Ss. However, nonexperts were rated differently by stereotyped Ss as a function of therapist disclosure level, whereas, androgynous Ss' ratings of nonexperts did not differ from their ratings of experts. The differential ratings as a function of sex role orientation were discussed, and future research directions were suggested.

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“…I t was hypothesized that previous results (Bloom et al, 1977;Merluzzi et al, 1The authors wish to thank Mark G. Sbarra for his valuable assistance in the collection and…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Androgyny, stereotypy and the perception of female therapists

Merluzzi

1981

J. Clin. Psychol.

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“…These factors, e.g., client's faith in therapist, therapist's credibility and conveyed competence, ofice arrangement, therapistclient attitude similarity, etc., are distinguished from placebo factors in that there is no reason to assume a priori that they are theoretically inert or incidental to 'The present treatment, particularly given the nature of psychopathology and psychotherapeutic treatment (Bloom et al, 1977). The focus on therapeugenic factors in psychotherapy and the manipulation of these factors to effect outcomes is part of a relatively recent attempt to view the therapy process as a technique of social influence designed to affect client's attitudes and behaviors in a therapeutic fashion (Gillis, 1974).…”

Section: Colorado Stale Universitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeugenic factors in psychotherapy: The use of psychological tests

Bloom

Trautt

1978

J. Clin. Psychol.

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In the first part of the experiment all Ss were administered a battery of psychological tests that they were told would provide an accurate description of their personality. Two weeks later, Ss were contacted and asked to participate in the second half of the experiment. Half of the Ss were led to believe that the psychological assessment indicated that they could remain calm and relaxed when exposed to a stressful situation (therapeutic suggestion), while the other half did not receive this feedback (no suggestion). Half of the Ss then were exposed to a stressful situation (threat), while the other half were not (no threat); the effectiveness of the diagnostic predictions was assessed via physiological and self-report measures of arousal. Results indicated that (a) the threat manipulation was effective in creating stress; and (b) Ss given therapeutic-suggestion feedback based on the psychological assessment were able to remain significantly more calm and relaxed in the experiment than Ss who did not receive therapeutic suggestions. Implications for the use of psychological testing and diagnostic feedback as a technique of social influence are discussed.

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“…Non-specific treatment factors are those factors, independent of specific therapeutic techniques, that potentiate therapeutic effects. Bloom, Weigel, and Trautt [36] , and Coe [23] propose four categories: 1) factors in the client (e.g., expectancy of success, faith in the healer, experience with healers, suggestibility, belief in treatment, anticipation of relief, age, intelligence, etc. ), 2) factors in the therapist (e.g., confidence in the therapist's own abilities and treatment, attitudes toward the client, persuasiveness), 3) the client-therapist relationship (e.g., client-therapist similarity, client's first experience of having someone who listens and "understands"), and 4) situational-procedural variables (e.g., demand characteristics such as the physical environment, rational credibility, suggestibility-enhancing aspects of the situation or procedure, popularity of the treatment).…”

Section: Enhancing Client Expectations About Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Creating a Favorable Therapy Schema

Flowers

1984

Imagination, Cognition and Personality

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A model is proposed for facilitating a successful therapeutic outcome via creation and maintenance of a positive Therapy Schema in the client. Such a schema is constructed from three components: 1) the client's prior experience with therapy, 2) the client's expectations about the therapeutic experience, and 3) the client's cognitive style. Literature on cognitive style as it relates to therapy and to enhancing client expectations is discussed. It is recommended that practicing therapists make more use of non-specific treatment factors and techniques of pre-therapy training to enhance client expectations and reduce premature termination from therapy.The schema concept in cognitive psychology has fostered some debate; however, there seems to be consensus on certain aspects [1] : schemas are cognitive structures used in information processing and retrieval. They are created and modified by experience, and each may include a prototypical event to which variations are compared. They are relatively stable over time. New information is usually assimilated into an existing schema rather than the schema being drastically changed to accommodate new data. They allow one to make inferences when knowledge is incomplete or ambiguous, and therefore enable the perceiver to better predict, and hence, control, present and future events. Taylor and Crocker summarize the functions of schemas as enabling the perceiver to "identify stimuli quickly, 'chunk' an appropriate unit, fill in information missing from the stimulus configuration and select a strategy for obtaining further information, solving a problem, or reaching a goal." [2, p. 7] This article will attempt to describe, both theoretically and empirically, a particular schema, as well as its behavioral counterpart. The schema to be discussed involves psychotherapy and shall henceforth be referred to as the 15

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Therapeugenic factors in psychotherapy: Effects of office decor and subject-therapist sex pairing on the perception of credibility.

Cited by 53 publications

References 13 publications

Androgyny, stereotypy and the perception of female therapists

Androgyny, stereotypy and the perception of female therapists

Therapeugenic factors in psychotherapy: The use of psychological tests

Creating a Favorable Therapy Schema

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