Therapeutic Actions of Allylmercaptocaptopril and Captopril in a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome

Ernsberger, Paul; Johnson, Janean; Rosenthal, Talma; Mirelman, David; Koletsky, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2007.02.015

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, the success rate in the intensive medical therapy group did not differ significantly from that of conventional treatment group in the latter years of the follow-up period, and a Kaplan–Meier analysis did not show a significant difference in MetS risk between the treatment groups. Studies in both animals and humans have suggested that treatment with metformin, [28] captopril, [29,30] valsartan, [31,32] simvastatin, [33] or fenofibrate [34,35] alone reduced the development of MetS, which is largely consistent with our findings. Because MetS increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, [36–38] it seems unlikely that improvements in MetS indicators contributed to a lower risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in the intensive medical therapy group, compared with that in the conventional treatment group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Long-term effects intensive medical therapy on the development and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis and the metabolic syndrome in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

et al. 2016

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Background:Few studies have investigated the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was to compare the long-term effects of intensive medical therapy on the development and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis and MetS in Chinese T2DM patients with that of a conventional treatment regimen.Methods:A total of 316 T2DM patients were randomized to receive conventional pharmacological treatment or intensive medical therapy, consisting of diet and exercise counseling, from 2002 to 2014 at our hospital in Changsha, China. Clinical indicators of subclinical atherosclerosis and MetS were evaluated over the 12-year follow-up period. A χ2 analysis or t tests was used to compare the data between the 2 groups. Risk factors for subclinical atherosclerosis were identified using Cox proportional hazard models.Results:The incidence of subclinical atherosclerosis increased in both groups over time, and did not differ significantly between the 2 groups at the end of the study. However, after 6 years of treatment, the risk of subclinical atherosclerosis was significantly lower in the intensive medical therapy group, based on intima-media thickness (IMT) measurements, compared with that in the conventional treatment (44.2% vs. 69.7%; P < 0.01). Age, creatinine, and IMT of the common iliac artery were significantly associated with subclinical atherosclerosis. Although the indicators of MetS did not differ significantly at the end of study, the success rate for the management of MetS in the intensive medical therapy group was significantly higher than that in the conventional treatment group in 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2012.Conclusions:The incidence of atherosclerosis in the intensive medical therapy group was significantly lower than that in the conventional treatment group from 2006 to 2010 (P < 0.05), and the incidence of MetS in the intensive medical therapy group was significantly higher than that in the conventional treatment group from 2006 to 2012. Kaplan–Meier estimations showed that the risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in the intensive medical therapy group was significantly lower than that in the conventional treatment group (P < 0.001), whereas the risk of MetS was not significantly different between the treatment groups (P > 0.05).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Long-term effects intensive medical therapy on the development and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis and the metabolic syndrome in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

et al. 2016

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“…Adipose tissue from obese individuals is known to be an important endocrine organ capable of contributing to insulin resistance, persistent inflammation, and metabolic and vascular dysfunction via the perturbed adipokine secretion profile [34]. The collective action of garlic extract standardized for organosulfur compounds, ginger extract standardized for gingerols and shogaols, biotin and chromium in METABO may contribute to antiadipogenic, anti-inflammatory actions in conjunction with metabolic health benefits [20,21,36,37,49-51]. The bioactive compounds in garlic, ginger, and raspberry in addition to biotin and chromium have been suggested to modulate high-leverage metabolic pathways with nutrigenomic signaling, including: NF-kB, PPAR-γ, PPAR-α, orexigens, and aforementioned adipocytokines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humans, oral ingestion of certain capsaicinoids, (active component of chilli peppers from the genus Capsicum ) has been shown to increase energy expenditure, lipolysis and fat oxidation [15], activate brown adipose tissue [16] and stimulate the systemic release of norepinephrine [15,17]. Bioactive compounds found in the rhizomes of ginger ( Zingiber officinale ) and garlic ( Allium sativum ) extracts have been shown to influence many key features of the metabolic syndrome by modulating adipocytokine secretion from adipose tissue, reducing body fat accumulation, decreasing circulating insulin and markers of systemic inflammation in murine and cell culture models, with similar findings emerging from studies in humans [18-21]. Extracts of Citrus aurantium, standardized for p-synephrine and other bioactive amines have been shown to increase resting metabolic rate and enhance weight loss in human clinical trials [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Eight weeks of supplementation with a multi-ingredient weight loss product enhances body composition, reduces hip and waist girth, and increases energy levels in overweight men and women

Lopez¹,

Ziegenfuss²,

Hofheins³

et al. 2013

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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BackgroundNumerous natural products are marketed and sold claiming to decrease body weight and fat, but few undergo finished product-specific research demonstrating their safety and efficacy.ObjectiveTo determine the safety and efficacy of a multi-ingredient supplement containing primarily raspberry ketone, caffeine, capsaicin, garlic, ginger and Citrus aurantium (Prograde Metabolism™ [METABO]) as an adjunct to an eight-week weight loss program.MethodsUsing a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind design, 70 obese but otherwise healthy subjects were randomly assigned to METABO or a placebo and underwent 8 weeks of daily supplementation, a calorie restricted diet, and exercise training. Subjects were tested for changes in body composition, serum adipocytokines (adiponectin, resistin, leptin, TNF-α, IL-6) and markers of health including heart rate and blood pressure.ResultsOf the 45 subjects who completed the study, significant differences were observed in: body weight (METABO -2.0% vs. placebo -0.5%, P < 0.01), fat mass (METABO -7.8 vs. placebo -2.8%, P < 0.001), lean mass (METABO +3.4% vs. placebo +0.8%, P < 0.03), waist girth (METABO -2.0% vs. placebo -0.2%, P < 0.0007), hip girth (METABO -1.7% vs. placebo -0.4%, P < 0.003), and energy levels per anchored visual analogue scale (VAS) (METABO +29.3% vs. placebo +5.1%, P < 0.04). During the first 4 weeks, effects/trends for maintaining elevated serum leptin (P < 0.03) and decreased serum resistin (P < 0.08) in the METABO group vs. placebo were also observed. No changes in systemic hemodynamics, clinical blood chemistries, adverse events, or dietary intake were noted between groups.ConclusionsMETABO administration is a safe and effective adjunct to an eight-week diet and exercise weight loss program by augmenting improvements in body composition, waist and hip girth. Adherence to the eight-week weight loss program also led to beneficial changes in body fat in placebo. Ongoing studies to confirm these results and clarify the mechanisms (i.e., biochemical and neuroendocrine mediators) by which METABO exerts the observed salutary effects are being conducted.

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“…SHROB rats can be identified as obese at about 5 weeks of age together with hyperinsulinemia, slightly elevated blood glucose (Friedman et al 1997), and insulin resistance (Velliquette et al 2002). Spontaneous hypertension usually occurs at w3 months of age and rises progressively; animals also develop cardiac hypertrophy and vascular disease (Ernsberger et al 2007). Thus, one can say that obesity precedes hypertension, but it is difficult to say that obesity is a cause of hypertension in this model.…”

Section: Rat Models Of Obesity and Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity-related hypertension: possible pathophysiological mechanisms

Vaněčková¹,

Maletı́nská²,

Behuliak³

et al. 2014

Journal of Endocrinology

129

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Hypertension is one of the major risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, but despite a century of clinical and basic research, the discrete etiology of this disease is still not fully understood. The same is true for obesity, which is recognized as a major global epidemic health problem nowadays. Obesity is associated with an increasing prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, a cluster of risk factors including hypertension, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia. Epidemiological studies have shown that excess weight gain predicts future development of hypertension, and the relationship between BMI and blood pressure (BP) appears to be almost linear in different populations. There is no doubt that obesity-related hypertension is a multifactorial and polygenic trait, and multiple potential pathogenetic mechanisms probably contribute to the development of higher BP in obese humans. These include hyperinsulinemia, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sympathetic nervous system stimulation, abnormal levels of certain adipokines such as leptin, or cytokines acting at the vascular endothelial level. Moreover, some genetic and epigenetic mechanisms are also in play. Although the full manifestation of both hypertension and obesity occurs predominantly in adulthood, their roots can be traced back to early ontogeny. The detailed knowledge of alterations occurring in the organism of experimental animals during particular critical periods (developmental windows) could help to solve this phenomenon in humans and might facilitate the age-specific prevention of human obesity-related hypertension. In addition, better understanding of particular pathophysiological mechanisms might be useful in so-called personalized medicine. Key Words" obesity " hypertension " sympathetic nervous system " renin-angiotensin system " critical developmental periods " epigenetics " rat

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Therapeutic Actions of Allylmercaptocaptopril and Captopril in a Rat Model of Metabolic Syndrome

Cited by 30 publications

References 29 publications

Long-term effects intensive medical therapy on the development and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis and the metabolic syndrome in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Long-term effects intensive medical therapy on the development and progression of subclinical atherosclerosis and the metabolic syndrome in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Eight weeks of supplementation with a multi-ingredient weight loss product enhances body composition, reduces hip and waist girth, and increases energy levels in overweight men and women

Obesity-related hypertension: possible pathophysiological mechanisms

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