Therapeutic Advances in Viral Hepatitis A–E

Nagra, Navroop; Kozarek, Richard A.; Burman, Blaire E.

doi:10.1007/s12325-022-02070-z

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 230 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Currently, there are no approved antiviral therapies for HAV infection. However, direct-acting antivirals have been evaluated in cell culture systems and shown to have potential effectiveness in inhibiting HAV replication and in antiviral activity [ 84 , 87 ]. Drug development and clinical trials are limited by the difficulty in enrolling subjects before they resolve their infection to measure potential outcomes of intervention [ 87 ].…”

Section: The Virus Its Clinical Outcomes Diagnosis and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis a Vaccine as Opportunity of Primary Prevention for Food Handlers: A Narrative Review

Fallucca,

Restivo,

Sgariglia

et al. 2023

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The hepatitis A virus (HAV) is still a leading cause of viral hepatitis worldwide. After a long incubation period, the clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic infection to acute liver failure. The severity of the disease increases with age and pre-existing liver disease. The transmission is mainly via person-to-person contact or ingestion of contaminated food or water. Food contamination can occur at any step of the food chain, especially when infected people handle not-heated or otherwise-treated food. HAV is endemic in low-income countries because of poor sanitary and sociodemographic conditions. The populations of developed countries are highly susceptible, and large outbreaks occur when HAV is introduced from endemic countries due to globalization, travel, and movement of foodstuffs. HAV prevention includes hygiene practices, immunoglobulins, and vaccination. Safe and effective inactivated and live attenuated vaccines are available and provide long-term protection. The vaccine targets are children and subjects at increased risk of HAV exposure or serious clinical outcomes. This review discusses the critical role of food handlers in the spread of HAV and the opportunity for food industry employers to consider food handler immunization a tool to manage both food safety in compliance with HACCP principles and food operators’ biologic risk.

show abstract

Section: The Virus Its Clinical Outcomes Diagnosis and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis a Vaccine as Opportunity of Primary Prevention for Food Handlers: A Narrative Review

Fallucca,

Restivo,

Sgariglia

et al. 2023

Vaccines

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The profile of these diseases has changed considerably in the last decade 2 . Although the prevalence of chronic viral hepatitis has decreased due to effective curative regimens for hepatitis C, vaccine campaign, and safe and tolerable medications to suppress hepatitis B 4 , the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has significantly increased and is becoming one of the most common chronic liver diseases 2 . The worldwide increase in the prevalence of NAFLD can be explained by the increase in the prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and weight-related metabolic comorbidities 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospital admissions for chronic liver diseases: a temporal study in the South Region of Brazil

Ilkiu,

de Castro,

Ivantes

et al. 2024

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to compare the epidemiology and clinical profiles of hospital admissions in a single Brazilian Hepatology Unit from the period 2014–2017 to 2019–2022. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of hospital database from the abovementioned periods was done. The study included patients over the age of 18 years who were hospitalized due to complications of diseases such as viral hepatitis, alcoholic disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and autoimmune liver and drug-induced hepatitis. RESULTS: In both study periods, middle-aged males were predominant and were younger than females. In the first period (2014–2017), hepatitis C (33.5%) was the most prevalent cause of admission, followed by alcoholic liver disease (31.7%). In the second period (2019–2022), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (38%) and alcoholic liver disease (27.6%) were the most frequent causes of admission. No changes were observed in the proportion of alcoholic liver disease or drug-induced hepatitis in both study periods. The prevalence of viral hepatitis decreased in both genders, with hepatitis C decreasing from 32.4 to 9.7% for males and 35.4 to 10.8% for females, and OR=0.2; 95%CI 0.1–0.3 for both males and females. Similarly, the prevalence of hepatitis B decreased from 19.1 to 8.1% and OR=0.3; 95%CI 0.2–0.5 for males and 8.2 to 3.7% and OR=0.4; 95%CI 0.1–0.9 for females. The prevalence of autoimmune liver diseases increased only in males, from 2.1 to 5.9% and OR=2.9; 95%CI 1.2–6.6. CONCLUSION: Over the past 4 years, there has been a shift in hospital admission profile at a Brazilian Hepatology Unit, with a decrease in viral hepatitis and an increase in autoimmune diseases and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Males were more affected at younger ages than females. Furthermore, ascites was the most prevalent cause of complications in both periods analyzed.

show abstract