Therapeutic Applications of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Loaded with Gold Nanoparticles for Regenerative Medicine

Abstract

In the present study, the various concentrations of AuNP (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 ppm) were prepared to investigate the biocompatibility, biological performances and cell uptake efficiency via Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells and rat model. The pure AuNP, AuNP combined with Col (AuNP-Col) and FITC conjugated AuNP-Col (AuNP-Col-FITC) were characterized by Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) assays. For in vitro examinations, we explored whether the Wharton’s jelly MSCs had better viability, higher CXCR4 expression, greater migration distance and lower apoptotic-related proteins expression with AuNP 1.25 and 2.5 ppm treatments. Furthermore, we considered whether the treatments of 1.25 and 2.5 ppm AuNP could induce the CXCR4 knocked down Wharton’s jelly MSCs to express CXCR4 and reduce the expression level of apoptotic proteins. We also treated the Wharton’s jelly MSCs with AuNP-Col to investigate the intracellular uptake mechanisms. The evidence demonstrated the cells uptake AuNP-Col through clathrin-mediated endocytosis and the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase pathway with good stability inside the cells to avoid lysosomal degradation as well as better uptake efficiency. Additionally, the results from in vivo examinations elucidated the 2.5 ppm of AuNP attenuated foreign body responses and had better retention efficacy with tissue integrity in animal model. In conclusion, the evidence demonstrates that AuNP shows promise as a biosafe nanodrug delivery system for development of regenerative medicine coupled with Wharton’s jelly MSCs.

In vivo biocompatibility testing of nanoparticle-functionalized alginate–chitosan scaffolds for tissue engineering applications

“…In our study, incorporating AuNp + Alg increases the percentage of occupied area within the scaffold, thus reducing the areas of necrosis (Figures 3A, C). Similar results were reported in previous studies (Snider et al, 2022;Cheng et al, 2023). In vitro, reduction of cell death by apoptosis in chondrocytes was observed when a decellularized matrix functionalized with 20 nm AuNp was used (Snider et al, 2022).…”

Precision Nanomedicine with Bio-Inspired Nanosystems: Recent Trends and Challenges in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Membrane-Coated Bioengineered Nanocarriers in Targeted Nanotherapeutics

“…The intracellular uptake of the nanoparticles and mechanism of intracellular uptake further exhibited that these nanoparticles demonstrated cellular uptake through clathrin-mediated endocytosis with improved stabilities in the cells for avoiding the lysosomal degradations and better uptake efficiencies. These also showed better retention capacities and improved tissue integrities in the animal models [ 124 ].…”

Roles of PD‐L1 in human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells under inflammatory microenvironment

“…[3][4][5][6][7][8] Particularly, CXCR4 is a critical chemokine receptor implicated in MSCs migration to the target tissues by interaction with the ligand stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) in an inflammatory state. [9][10][11] In addition, MSCs also exhibit strong immunosuppression abilities which make them a promising cell therapy to treat inflammatory diseases. [12][13][14][15][16] Studies have demonstrated that the immunosuppression of MSCs is mediated by cell-to-cell contact and by the secretion of immune regulatory molecules.…”