“…There is a long list of etiologies described in the literature including central venous catheterization [2,6,7], mediastinal fibrosis [8][9][10][11][12][13][14], primary and metastatic mediastinal tumors [3,10,11,[15][16][17][18][19], mediastinal lymphadenopathy secondary to head and neck cancers such as carcinoma of the tongue [20], substernal goiters and thyroid masses [21][22][23], thyroid carcinoma [3,[21][22][23][24][25], lung cancer [3,10,16,[18][19][20]26,27,28], thymoma [3,29], systemic venulitis [30], Behcet's disease [31][32][33][34][35][36], Castleman's disease (angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia) [4], and as a late complication after correction of congenital heart defect <...>…”