2019
DOI: 10.20944/preprints201902.0101.v1
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Therapeutic Approaches with Intravitreal Injections in Geographic Atrophy Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Current Drugs and Potential Molecules

Abstract: The present review focuses on recent clinical trials that analyze the efficacy of intravitreal therapeutic agents for the treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), such as neuroprotective drugs, and complement inhibitors, also called immunomodulatory or anti-inflammatory. A systematic literature search was performed to identify randomized controlled trials published prior to January 2019. Patients affected by dry AMD treated with intravitreal therapeutic agents were included. The changes in the … Show more

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Cited by 14 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…Therefore, some scholars have turned their attention to anti-inflammatory therapy which is crucial for AMD pathogenesis. Drugs such as Lampalizumb, Eculizumab, Zimura and Iluvien have initially shown potential effectiveness in clinical trials, and need to be further verified [142][143][144]. As some popular emerging technologies, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/ CRISPRassociated protein 9 (Cas9) could selectively disrupt the VEGF gene [145][146][147][148][149].…”
Section: Potential Applications In Amdmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, some scholars have turned their attention to anti-inflammatory therapy which is crucial for AMD pathogenesis. Drugs such as Lampalizumb, Eculizumab, Zimura and Iluvien have initially shown potential effectiveness in clinical trials, and need to be further verified [142][143][144]. As some popular emerging technologies, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/ CRISPRassociated protein 9 (Cas9) could selectively disrupt the VEGF gene [145][146][147][148][149].…”
Section: Potential Applications In Amdmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Tesidolumab (LFG316) is a recombinant, high‐affinity, human monoclonal antibody of the IgG1/lambda isotype, directed against human C5. Intravenous and intravitreal formulations of tesidolumab are being investigated in clinical trials for various indications 14‐18 …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, this and other C5-targeted strategies have failed in AMD. Anti-human C5 monoclonal antibodies [eculizumab (intravenous injection) ( 146 ) or LFG316 (intravitreal injections), summarized in ( 152 )] did not decrease GA growth rate. Administration of an anti-C5 RNA aptamer [ARC 1905 (intravitreal injection)] with the vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor ranibizumab preserved visual acuity better than ranibizumab alone in a phase 2a clinical trial [summarized in ( 152 )].…”
Section: Complement Inhibitors In Retinal and Neurologic Diseasementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Anti-human C5 monoclonal antibodies [eculizumab (intravenous injection) ( 146 ) or LFG316 (intravitreal injections), summarized in ( 152 )] did not decrease GA growth rate. Administration of an anti-C5 RNA aptamer [ARC 1905 (intravitreal injection)] with the vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor ranibizumab preserved visual acuity better than ranibizumab alone in a phase 2a clinical trial [summarized in ( 152 )]. Finally, lampalizumab, an anti-factor D alternative pathway inhibitor ( 156 ), failed to reduce the growth of GA in two phase 3 clinical trials for AMD when administered intravitreally ( 147 ), despite having achieved significance in a subgroup of dry AMD patients with complement factor I risk variants.…”
Section: Complement Inhibitors In Retinal and Neurologic Diseasementioning
confidence: 99%