Background/Aim The traditional teacher-centered teaching method of pediatric nursing only focuses on the imparting of knowledge, ignoring the cultivation of students’ autonomous learning abilities and the establishment of critical thinking skills. Moreover, the humanized care for pediatric patients is merely a formality, which can’t make a deep impression. This study aimed to explore the application effectiveness of the “One Case to the End” teaching model based on BOPPPS in pediatric nursing teaching. Materials&methods A quasi-experimental research design was conducted in this study. A total of 276 nursing undergraduates from Grades 2020 and 2021 of a medical college were randomly selected, with 138 students in the Grade 2020 serving as the control group and receiving the traditional teaching model, while the students of Grade 2021 served as the experimental group and implemented the “One Case to the End” teaching model based on BOPPPS. At the end of the semester, the study compared the two groups of students’ academic performance, the level of nurses’ professional values and critical thinking abilities. Additionally, it surveyed the experimental group’s satisfaction with the curriculum teaching reform. Results The academic performance, the score of nurses’ professional values and the score of critical thinking abilities of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (all P < 0.01), and the students in the experimental group had a relatively high evaluation of the reform satisfaction with the new teaching model. Conclusion The “One Case to the End” teaching model based on BOPPPS can effectively enhance students’ academic performance, nurses’ professional values and critical thinking abilities, and improve the teaching quality of pediatric nursing.