Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Saliva

Drobitch, Robert K.; Svensson, Craig K.

doi:10.2165/00003088-199223050-00003

Cited by 179 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…2), a feature that allows for the free exchange of bloodbased molecules into the adjacent saliva-producing acinus cells (17). Researchers postulate that blood-derived molecules entering salivary tissues via transcellular (e.g., passive and active transport) or paracellular (e.g., extracellular ultrafiltration) routes (18,19,20) could potentially influence the molecular constituency of oral fluids. This suggests that circulating biomarkers of disease absorbed by the salivary glands may possibly alter the biochemical composition of salivary secretions.…”

Section: Properties Of Saliva and The Salivary Glandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Biomarkers: Toward Future Clinical and Diagnostic Utilities

et al. 2013

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SUMMARY The pursuit of timely, cost-effective, accurate, and noninvasive diagnostic methodologies is an endeavor of urgency among clinicians and scientists alike. Detecting pathologies at their earliest stages can significantly affect patient discomfort, prognosis, therapeutic intervention, survival rates, and recurrence. Diagnosis and monitoring often require painful invasive procedures such as biopsies and repeated blood draws, adding undue stress to an already unpleasant experience. The discovery of saliva-based microbial, immunologic, and molecular biomarkers offers unique opportunities to bypass these measures by utilizing oral fluids to evaluate the condition of both healthy and diseased individuals. Here we discuss saliva and its significance as a source of indicators for local, systemic, and infectious disorders. We highlight contemporary innovations and explore recent discoveries that deem saliva a mediator of the body's physiological condition. Additionally, we examine the current state of salivary diagnostics and its associated technologies, future aspirations, and potential as the preferred route of disease detection, monitoring, and prognosis.

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Section: Properties Of Saliva and The Salivary Glandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Biomarkers: Toward Future Clinical and Diagnostic Utilities

et al. 2013

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“…The use of oral fluid for VRC TDM was previously described by Michael et al 9 and is supported by the physico-chemical characteristics of this drug, especially its pKa of 1.76 22 (with ionization being unaffected by usual mouth's pH) and its protein binding of 58%. 23 Interestingly, the percentage of oral fluid related to plasma concentration was relatively stable, ranging from 52.0-67.9%, with mean of 57.5%. However, these values were considerably different from those found by Michael et al, 9 which were in the range of 14-56% with an overall mean of 40% in adult patients.…”

Section: Methods Applicationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Ultra-performance liquid chromatographic method for measurement of voriconazole in human plasma and oral fluid

Boeira¹,

Antunes²,

Andreolla³

et al. 2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Um método simples, sensível e seletivo para determinação de voriconazol em plasma e fluido oral empregando cromatografia líquida de ultra-eficiência foi desenvolvido e validado. Após extração líquido-líquido do plasma e fluido oral com metil-tert-butil éter, o analito e o padrão interno foram separados numa coluna Hypersil Gold C18 (2,1 × 100 mm, d.p. 1,9 µm), eluída isocraticamente com uma mistura de tampão fosfato trietilamônio pH 3,0 e acetonitrila (70:30, v/v). O tempo total da análise foi de 4 min, com consumo total de fase móvel de 2,2 mL. A determinação foi realizada com detector de arranjo de fotodiodos com quantificação em 256 nm. As concentrações de voriconazol no fluido oral foram, em média, 57,5% (± 5,3) daquelas determinadas em amostras pareadas de plasma.A simple, sensitive and selective ultra-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of voriconazole in plasma and oral fluid was developed and validated. After a liquidliquid extraction with methyl-tert-butyl ether, the analyte and internal standard were separated on a Hypersil Gold C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, p.d. 1.9 µm), eluted with a mobile phase composed of thietylammonium phosphate buffer and acetonitrile (70:30, v/v). Total run time was 4 min, total mobile phase consumption of 2.2 mL. Detection was performed with a photodiode array detector with quantitation at 256 nm. Voriconazole concentrations in oral fluid were on average 57.5% (± 5.3) of those measured in paired plasma samples.

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“…The determination of drug concentrations in the saliva and urine has gained widespread acceptance in a variety of settings (Drobitch and Svensson, 1992). The estimation of drugs in the saliva and urine has been employed for therapeutic drug monitoring, effectiveness of the excretory organs and for calculation of pharmacokinetic variables (Mucklow, 1982).…”

Section: Original Research Article Open Access Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of isoniazid with or without ofloxacin

2012

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Objective of the resent study was to determine the effect of ofloxacin (OXC) on the pharmacokinetics of isoniazid (INH). Five healthy volunteers aged 18 39 years participated in this study after an informed consent. The study was carried out in two phases with an interval of one-week drug wash out period in between phases. In phase one (INH alone), each subject received 300mg of isoniazid (INH) with 350ml of water after an overnight fast. The subjects were made to fast 2 hours post drug. In phase two (INH + OXC), each subject was administered with 300mg of INH in combination with 200mg of OXC observing all the protocol in phase one. The concentration of INH in plasma, saliva and urine of the subjects at predetermined time intervals were measured spectrophotometrically in the two phases over a period of 0 - 48 hours. Various pharmacokinetics parameters were calculated. From the study it is evident that Ofloxacin (OXC) increased the rate and extent of absorption of isoniazid. The absorption half-life (t1/2a) and the maximum concentration and absorption time (Cmax, Tmax) of isoniazid (INH) were increased in the presence of OXC. The urinary excretion of isoniazid was also increased by ofloxacin. The salivary concentration of isoniazid was less than the corresponding plasma drug concentrations, a pattern also found in similar studies. Thus it can be concluded that Ofloxacin increases absorption kinetics and urinary excretion of Isoniazid.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i12.12449 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(12): 403-409

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Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Saliva

Cited by 179 publications

References 90 publications

Salivary Biomarkers: Toward Future Clinical and Diagnostic Utilities

Salivary Biomarkers: Toward Future Clinical and Diagnostic Utilities

Ultra-performance liquid chromatographic method for measurement of voriconazole in human plasma and oral fluid

Pharmacokinetics of isoniazid with or without ofloxacin

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