Therapeutic effect of Arthrocnemum machrostachyum methanolic extract on Ehrlich solid tumor in mice

Abstract

Background: The anti-cancer effect of the halophyte Arthrocnemum indicum, a member of Arthrocnemum family of salt-tolerant plants, was evaluated against colorectal cancer cell, CaCo2. However, the anti-cancer effect of another halophyte Arthrocnemum machrostachyum was not investigated yet. Herein, the anticancer effect of A. machrostachyum methanolic extract (AME) was evaluated against Ehrlich solid tumor (EST) in mice and the potential mechanism of action was also studied. Methods: Male Swiss albino mice (n = 28) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 7/group). Group 1 (negative control group); group 2 (EST) injected intramuscularly by 0.2 mL Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma (2 × 10 6 cells); and groups 3 and 4 injected intratumorally with AME (180 and 360 mg/kg body weight, respectively) at D12 trice weekly for 2 weeks. Gene expression, protein expression, DNA damage, and TNFa level in tumors were determined by real-time PCR, western blot, comet assay, and Elisa, respectively. Results: Treatment with AME induced anti-tumor effects against EST as indicated by 1) notable reduction in tumor size; 2) elevation in tissue necrosis and apoptosis, as confirmed histologically; 3) increased DNA fragmentation; 4) decreased expression of the apoptotic genes (p53, Bax and caspase 3), and increased expression of the antiapoptotic marker Bcl2; 5) significantly upregulated cell cycle regulatory genes Cdc2 and connexin26, and; 6) decreased TNFa levels in tumor tissues. Interestingly, a high dose of AME exhibited a more potent anti-tumor effect against EST. Conclusion: These findings indicate that AME has a potent antitumor effect against EST and could be used as an adjuvant to anticancer drugs to combat tumor, but after application of further confirmatory clinical trials.

α-Hederin Saponin Augments the Chemopreventive Effect of Cisplatin against Ehrlich Tumors and Bioinformatic Approach Identifying the Role of SDF1/CXCR4/p-AKT-1/NFκB Signaling

“…In EST-bearing mice, tumor TNF-α revealed marked increments. This pathological evidence could be elucidated by recruiting tumor-infiltrating macrophages and elevating the reactive oxygen species that result from the oxidative stress ecosystem [ 62 , 63 , 73 , 74 , 75 ]. Of notice in cancer immunogenesis, NFκB has crucial immune responses for both innate and adaptive types.…”

Effect of dapagliflozin and/or L‐arginine on solid tumor model in mice: The interaction between nitric oxide, transforming growth factor‐beta 1, autophagy, and apoptosis

“…In the present study, implantation of ECCs induced the development of a type of transplantable tumor called SEC in a relatively short time (About 10 days) which may effectively facilitate cancer studies. Also, implantation of ECCs induced a significant decrease of the survival rate which may be referred to the indirect effects of cancer on the various metabolic pathways in the body with significant impairment of immunity and induction of cancer cachexia [28].…”

Antitumor Activity of Royal Jelly and Its Cellular Mechanisms against Ehrlich Solid Tumor in Mice

“…TV was determined by the Vernier caliper after the 7th day of the treatment through the equation TV (mm 3 ) =4 π (A/2) 2 × (B/2); whereas A and B are the minor and major tumor axes. Tumor growth inhibition rate (TGIR) also was determined according to the technique elucidated elsewhere with the below formula [ 20 ]: …”