Therapeutic Effectiveness of Homologous Erythrocyte Transfusions Following Frozen Storage at ‐80 C for up to Seven Years

Abstract

Cohn‐processed red blood cells that had been stored for as long as seven years at ‐80 C., washed by the ADL procedure and then stored at 4 C for up to 48 hours, showed approximately 90 per cent 24‐hour recovery in vivo by an automated differential agglutination (ADA) technic, recovery in vitro of approximately 90 per cent, and an index of therapeutic effectiveness of approximately 80 per cent. Washing Huggins‐preserved red blood cells with EDTA by the Huggins process produced a significant deterioration (decreased 24‐hour posttransfusion survival and decreased recovery in vitro) following storage at ‐80 C for as long as three years. In two of seven patients studied the Huggins‐processed red blood cells that had been stored at ‐80 C for 1.8 years and longer and washed by the Huggins procedure showed intravascular destruction of the compatible nonviable red blood cells. Huggins‐preserved red blood cells with EDTA that had been stored at ‐80 C up to 1.6 years showed, following washing with an electrolyte solution in the ADL bowl, a somewhat better 24‐hour ADA survival, better recovery of the preserved red blood cells, lower supernatant hemoglobin concentrations, and higher intracellular potassium levels on the day of washing and resuspension. These findings suggest that Hugginspreserved red blood cells following storage at ‐80 C for one and one half years or more should not be washed by the Huggins dilution/agglomeration procedure.

Further Studies on the Rapid and Slow Components of Chromium Elution in vivo from Preserved Erythrocytes

“…In previous studies of preserved red cells, similar 24-hour survival values were obtained when a 51Cr labelling technic was used to measure the survival of small aliquots of autologous red cells in one study [22], and an ADA procedure was used to measure the survival of homologous red cells in therapeutic transfusions in the other study [23], The same preservation procedure was employed for both the autologous and homologous trans fusions. The 51Cr labelling method involved small aliquots of autologous res cells.…”

“…The glycerolized red cell mass was slowly frozen to -80 °C and stored at that temperature for an average of 704 days (range 510-1,111 days). The red cells were deglycerolized using the continuousflow centrifugation technic with a glycerol-lactate-NaCl solution [23]. In 4 cases the red cells were stored at 4°C for 24 h after deglycerolization; in the other 14 cases they were stored for less than 4 h.…”

“…The hemoglobin concentration was measured by the cyanmethemoglobin method [1], and the microhematocrit value was measured [8]. The red cell and extracellular concentrations of sodium and potassium ions were measured in units of blood that had been frozen by the Huggins method and washed by continuous-flow centrifugation using glycerol-lactate-NaCl solutions as previously described [14,23], ■ ACr Labelling of Red Cells. In 121 studies as many as 5 units of compatible nonwashed or washed liquid stored or previously frozen washed red cells were pooled in a 2,000-ml plastic bag (TA-20 pack, Fenwal Laboratories).…”

Accumulation of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in whole blood, platelet concentrates, and platelet-poor plasma. 1. Effect of DEHP on platelet survival and function.

“…The glycerolized red cell mass was slowly frozen to -80°C and stored at that temperature for up to 27 months in a poly(vinyl chloride) plastic container ( Table 2). The red cells were deglycerolized by using the continuousflow centrifugation wash method with a glycerol-lactate-NaCl solution containing 1 liter of 10 g-% glycerol and 5.6 g-% sodium lactate, 2 liters of 3.5 g-% sodium R-lactate, and a liter of 0.9 g-% NaCl containing 0.2 g-% glucose buffered to pH 6.8 with 0.065 g-% disodium phosphate (19).…”

A New Approach to Washing Red Blood Cells Frozen with a High Concentration of Glycerol in a Special Freezing Container

“…Red blood cell recovery, supernatant hemoglobin, and supernatant osmolality were measured after wash ing [5,7,8]. The removal of plasma protein was studied by the addition of 125I albumin to the red blood cells after thawing and subsequent measurement after wash ing [1].…”