Therapeutic Effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation on Physical Performance and Muscle Strength in Post-stroke Older Adults: A Review

Shin, Hwa Yong; Kim, Miji; Lee, Dae-Hyun; Jang, Jae Young; Soh, Yunsoo; Yun, Dong Hwan; Kim, Sun‐Young; Yang, Jisoo; Kim, Maeng Kyu; Lee, Hooman; Won, Chang Won

doi:10.4235/agmr.22.0006

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The effects of this intervention persisted in a follow-up examination one month later [42]. To stop muscle atrophy, FES may also be beneficial in increasing muscular mass and strength [114]. In addition to restoring, enhancing, or maintaining muscle strength, power, and endurance, strengthening activities can enhance balance, quality of life, and tissue remodeling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Physical Therapy Interventions for Stroke Rehabilitation: Impairment-Based Approaches and Functional Goals

Shahid¹,

Kashif

Shahid

2023

Brain Sciences

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Stroke is the fourth leading cause of mortality and is estimated to be one of the major reasons for long-lasting disability worldwide. There are limited studies that describe the application of physical therapy interventions to prevent disabilities in stroke survivors and promote recovery after a stroke. In this review, we have described a wide range of interventions based on impairments, activity limitations, and goals in recovery during different stages of a stroke. This article mainly focuses on stroke rehabilitation tactics, including those for sensory function impairments, motor learning programs, hemianopia and unilateral neglect, flexibility and joint integrity, strength training, hypertonicity, postural control, and gait training. We conclude that, aside from medicine, stroke rehabilitation must address specific functional limitations to allow for group activities and superior use of a hemiparetic extremity. Medical doctors are often surprised by the variety of physiotherapeutic techniques available; they are unfamiliar with the approaches of researchers such as Bobath, Coulter, and Brunnstrom, among others, as well as the scientific reasoning behind these techniques.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Physical Therapy Interventions for Stroke Rehabilitation: Impairment-Based Approaches and Functional Goals

Shahid¹,

Kashif

Shahid

2023

Brain Sciences

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“…The experiment only recruited healthy young men, and the subject size was relatively small. The enrolled healthy young subjects have intact motor units and good muscle responses to electrical stimulation compared to patients with stroke who usually have muscular atrophy combined with a damaged perception level (Arasaki et al, 2009 ; Shin et al, 2022 ). The affected muscular properties might have a potential influence on the modulation of the stimulation parameters and hinder the performance of the FES assistance (Ambrosini et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a technology that applies low-energy electrical pulses to the muscle resulting in active muscle contraction and further functional limb movements (Lynch and Popovic, 2008a ). Electrical stimulation has been proven to increase muscle force, promote neuroplasticity, and enhance rehabilitation outcomes and is regarded as an effective rehabilitation treatment for gait disorders (Shin et al, 2022 ). However, most FES systems employ an open-loop control strategy with a constant stimulation mode in the market (Krishnamoorthy et al, 2008 ; Bulea et al, 2013 ; Chang et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An adaptive reflexive control strategy for walking assistance system based on functional electrical stimulation

et al. 2022

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Functional electrical stimulation (FES) neuroprostheses have been regarded as an effective approach for gait rehabilitation and assisting patients with stroke or spinal cord injuries. A multiple-channel FES system was developed to improve the assistance and restoration of lower limbs. However, most neuroprostheses need to be manually adjusted and cannot adapt to individual needs. This study aimed to integrate the purely reflexive FES controller with an iterative learning algorithm while a multiple-channel FES walking assistance system based on an adaptive reflexive control strategy has been established. A real-time gait phase detection system was developed for accurate gait phase detection and stimulation feedback. The reflexive controller generated stimulation sequences induced by the gait events. These stimulation sequences were updated for the next gait cycle through the difference between the current and previous five gait cycles. Ten healthy young adults were enrolled to validate the multiple-channel FES system by comparing participants' gait performance to those with no FES controller and purely reflexive controller. The results showed that the proposed adaptive FES controller enabled the adaption to generate fitted stimulation sequences for each participant during various treadmill walking speeds. The maximum, minimum, and range of motion (ROM) of the hip, knee, and ankle joints were furtherly improved for most participants, especially for the hip and knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion compared with the purely reflexive FES control strategy. The presented system has the potential to enhance motor relearning and promote neural plasticity.

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“…Other forms of non-pharmacological interventions that have been used include non-invasive neuromodulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), and functional electrical stimulation (FES) ( 8 , 14 – 16 ). These techniques have shown promising therapeutic effects in neurorehabilitation and neuropsychiatric disorders, supporting their potential use as treatment of FMD ( 17 , 18 ), which are considered as networks disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of non-invasive neurostimulation for rehabilitation in functional movement disorders

Grippe

Desai

Arora

et al. 2022

Front. Rehabilit. Sci.

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Functional movement disorders (FMD) are a subtype of functional neurological disorders which involve abnormal movements and include multiple phenomenologies. There is a growing interest in the mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment of these disorders. Most of the current therapeutic approaches rely on psychotherapy and physiotherapy conducted by a multidisciplinary team. Although this approach has shown good results in some cases, FMD cause a great burden on the health system and other treatment strategies are urgently needed. In this review, we summarize past studies that have applied non-invasive neurostimulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and peripheral nerve stimulation as a treatment for FMD. There is an increasing number of studies related to TMS including randomized controlled trials; however, the protocols amongst studies are not standardized. There is only preliminary evidence for the efficacy of non-invasive neuromodulation in reducing FMD symptoms, and further studies are needed. There is insufficient evidence to allow implementation of these techniques in clinical practice.

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Therapeutic Effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation on Physical Performance and Muscle Strength in Post-stroke Older Adults: A Review

Cited by 11 publications

References 54 publications

A Comprehensive Review of Physical Therapy Interventions for Stroke Rehabilitation: Impairment-Based Approaches and Functional Goals

A Comprehensive Review of Physical Therapy Interventions for Stroke Rehabilitation: Impairment-Based Approaches and Functional Goals

An adaptive reflexive control strategy for walking assistance system based on functional electrical stimulation

Use of non-invasive neurostimulation for rehabilitation in functional movement disorders

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