Therapeutic Effects of Small-Particle Aerosols of Ribavirin on Parainfluenza (Sendai) Virus Infections of Mice

Abstract

Small-particle aerosol administration of ribavirin (1-β- d -ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) increased survival rates, extended the time to death, delayed lung pathology, and reduced pulmonary virus levels in Sendai virus-infected mice.

Spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman) investigation, topology (ESP, ELF, LOL) analyses, charge transfer excitation and molecular docking (dengue, HCV) studies on ribavirin

“…An ab-initio method has been followed to study the derivatives of triazoles [6][7][8] . Since the first report of the broad spectrum antiviral activity and synthesis of ribavirin [9,10] , the in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity has been confirmed in many independent laboratories [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] . Ribavirin has been proved clinically effective against hepatitis A virus [18][19][20] .…”

Cell Type Mediated Resistance of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus and Sendai Virus to Ribavirin

“…To examine whether certain cell types are naturally resistant to RBV even without prior drug exposure, we selected seven different cell lines from various hosts and compared them for the antiviral activities of RBV against two nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses (order Mononegavirales ), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV, family Rhabdoviridae ) and Sendai virus (SeV, family Paramyxoviridae ), which were previously shown to be highly sensitive to RBV treatment [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] . Our results show dramatic cell-type dependent differences in the antiviral activities of RBV, ranging from virtually no effect to very effective inhibition of viral replication, indicating that some cell types are naturally resistant to RBV treatment even without prior exposure to this drug.…”

Antiviral therapy for respiratory tract infections

“…As in the case of other paramyxoviruses, HPIV are susceptible to ribavirin, which is the commonest antiviral agent used clinically for severe infections. In vitro and in animal studies, ribavirin suppresses viral multiplication and improves survival of animals 259–261 . Immunocompromised patients with serious HPIV infections are treated with ribavirin given by the intravenous or aerosolized routes, though its efficacy has not been studied in randomized controlled trials 251,252,254,262 .…”

“…In vitro and in animal studies, ribavirin suppresses viral multiplication and improves survival of animals. [259][260][261] Immunocompromised patients with serious HPIV infections are treated with ribavirin given by the intravenous or aerosolized routes, though its efficacy has not been studied in randomized controlled trials. 251,252,254,262 In at least two of the case series, aerosolized ribavirin did not result in improved clinical outcomes.…”