Therapeutic effects of total coumarins from Urtica dentata Hand on collagen-induced arthritis in Balb/c mice

Clematichinenoside AR induces immunosuppression involving Treg cells in Peyer׳s patches of rats with adjuvant induced arthritis

“…A recent study demonstrated that significant and persistent increases in TGFβRII expression on CD4 þ T cells occur in the PPs immediately after tolerizing events, and when challenged these PPs CD4 þ TGFβRII þ cells upregulate Foxp3 expression (Gilbert et al, 2011). Accumulated evidence suggested that CD4 þ CD25 þ Foxp3 þ Treg cells play a critical role in the prevention of autoimmune arthritis (Lu et al, 2012;Luo et al, 2011). Our experimental results demonstrated the decreased Tregrelated cytokine levels following ConA-activated lymphocytes derived from PPs in the AIA rats, which were likely due to the proportions of lymphocyte populations.…”

Ginsenoside Rh2 reverses cyclophosphamide-induced immune deficiency by regulating fatty acid metabolism

“…The murine lung cancer Lewis cells (LLC) expressing luciferase were purchased from IBS cell resource center of Fudan University. Bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), splenocytes, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes were prepared as previously reported . BMDCs were maintained in RPMI 1640 medium (HyClone) supplemented with cytokines GM‐CSF (20 µg/ml; Peprotech, Rocky Hill, NJ, USA) for 7 days.…”

The immunoregulatory effects of Chinese herbal medicine on the maturation and function of dendritic cells

“…Consistently, another study showed that coumarins reduced the expression of MHC II, CD86 and T-bet, as well as the production of IL-12, which may promote the generation of CD4 þ CD25 þ Foxp3 þ Tregs. Importantly, coumarins decreased the clinical arthritis score and paw swelling and protected tissues against bone destruction in type II collagen induced arthritis mice, which was associated with a substantial decrease in the production of IFN-γ and IL-2, and an increase of IL-10 and TGF-β (Luo et al, 2011). Further, coumarins down regulated the expression of TLR4 and the downstream signaling molecules, including myeloid differentiation factor (MyD)88, NF-κB, IL-1β, Toll-IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β (TRIF), TRIF-related adaptor molecule (TRAM), interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-3 and IFN-β, suggesting that coumarins inhibit both MyD88-dependent and -independent pathways of TLR4 .…”

“…Recently, several studies reported that coumarins from Urtica dentata Hand suppressed arthritis and insulitis by promoting the generation of CD4 þ CD25 þ Foxp3 þ Tregs, which might be mediated by the inhibition of the maturation status and pro-inflammatory cytokine production of DCs (Luo et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2013;Xiang et al, 2013). Coumarins could down-regulate MHC II and CD86 expression and up-regulate programmed death ligand-1 (PD-Ll) expression on DCs, and reduce the capacity of DC to stimulate effector T cell responses.…”