Therapeutic Efficacy of Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded With Albendazole on Parenteral Phase of Experimental Trichinellosis

Abstract

Most of the drugs used for trichinellosis treatment showed a limited bioavailability, a high degree of resistance and a weak activity against encapsulated larvae. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new agents to improve the bioavailability of these drugs. So, the aim of the present study was to assess the use of chitosan (CH) nanoparticles alone or loaded with full and half dose albendazole (ABZ) to increase albendazole dissolution rate, to enhance its antiparasitic activity during the muscular phases of T. spiralis infection. Fifty male albino mice were used. They were divided into six experimental groups. Two control groups each includes five mice and four infected treated groups each includes ten mice. Chitosan nanoparticles were used orally at a dose of 100mg/kg/day starting from the 31 st -day post infection (dpi) for seven successive days either alone or loaded with full dose or half dose of ABZ. Results revealed a significant improvement in all treated groups with the highest reduction rate (97.3%) of muscle larval counts, improvement of muscular histopathological changes, and degeneration of encysted larvae with minimal pathologic changes of infected skeletal muscles. A significant decrease in inducible nitric oxide synthetize (iNOS) expression in muscle tissues was in mice treated by CH loaded with a full dose of ABZ compared to control group.

Potential therapeutic effect of platelet-rich plasma and albendazole on the muscular phase of experimental Trichinella spiralis infection

“…Likewise, Attia et al (2015) and Eid et al (2020) stated that muscles from ALB-treated mice showed massive inflammatory infiltration. Similarly, Nassef et al (2019) reported that ALB-treated mice showed inflammatory cellular infiltrate surrounding the larvae, which is consistent with the findings of Salama et al (2022) . In contrast, the muscle sections from mice treated with ALB and prednisolone showed mild to moderate inflammatory infiltration around larvae.…”

“…Several studies have investigated the efficacy of albendazole treatment. Reduction percentages in the number of T. spiralis larvae ranged from 28% to 98% ( Bany et al, 1992 ; Lopez-Garcia et al, 1997 ; Nassef et al, 2019 ).…”

Eugenol; Effective Anthelmintic Compound against Foodborne Parasite Trichinella spiralis Muscle Larvae and Adult

“…Humans are infected through the consumption of raw or undercooked meat containing infective larva. Although this event occurs accidentally, the global prevalence of trichinosis is estimated to be around 11 million in humans [ 1 ]. Trichinella spiralis is the most virulent and pathogenic species to humans and has two lifecycle phases: an intestinal phase and a muscular phase [ 1 ].…”

“…Although this event occurs accidentally, the global prevalence of trichinosis is estimated to be around 11 million in humans [ 1 ]. Trichinella spiralis is the most virulent and pathogenic species to humans and has two lifecycle phases: an intestinal phase and a muscular phase [ 1 ]. In the enteral phase, muscle tissues are digested in the stomach, and larvae are released; larvae penetrate the intestinal mucosa of the small intestine and reach the adult stage within 48 h post-infection (p.i.)…”

“…and mate; the female worm releases newborn larvae in the lymphatic vessels (from the fifth day p.i. onwards; the length of newborn production, from 1 week to several weeks, is influenced by host immunity) [ 1 , 2 ].…”