Therapeutic embolisation of the external carotid arterial tree.

Transorbital anastomotic pathways between the external and internal carotid systems in children affected by intraocular retinoblastoma

“…Thus, whereas the angiography of the OA alone seems quite ineffective in unveiling transorbital anastomotic pathways between the external and the internal carotid systems (6 orbits out of 61, 9.83 % of cases), the combined angiographic approaches (either through the OA or the ECA) seem extremely efficient for their demonstration (41 orbits out of 45; 91.11 % of cases) suggesting that, when properly searched, transorbital anastomoses are indeed almost constant at least in children. The high rate of recurrence of these anastomoses has practical implications for interventional radiologists when, for instance, they plan embolizations of the external carotid territory [1,16,23] or they have to perform intraarterial chemotherapy for intraorbital tumors [1,19,27]. In the first case, a careful angiographic study aimed to seek for such anastomoses should be mandatory to avoid unwelcome passage of embolic material into the OA and/or, from there, into the internal carotid territory [2].…”

Transcatheter Arterial Embolization in the Treatment of Maxillofacial Trauma Induced Life-Threatening Hemorrhages

“…T ranscatheter arterial embolization (TAE) of the internal carotid artery has been used for a number of years, first, as an elective procedure, to reduce the blood supply to tumors and arteriovenous malformations, 1 and later, as an alternative to surgical ligation in the treatment of severe, uncontrollable epistaxis. 2 More recently, it has also been used to treat life-threatening oronasal bleeding resulting from traumatic maxillofacial injury.…”

Vascular malformations of the parotid region

“…On 25 February repeat angiography was performed at The Middlesex Hospital; the right carotid artery was cannulated by the Seldinger technique via the femoral artery. Embolization of the malformation was performed with six injections of Gelfoam (Kendall and Moseley, 1977) and further angiograms demonstrated markedly reduced vascularity. At the end of the procedure the mass was clinically smaller and no longer pulsatile.…”