Therapeutic Hypothermia in Traumatic Brain Injury

Sadaka, Farid; Veremakis, Christopher; Lakshmanan, Rekha; Palagiri, Ashok

doi:10.5772/48818

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 87 publications

(98 reference statements)

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“…Gaining a better understanding of the general effects on synaptic physiology of acute and longer-term cold exposure will potentially aid in applications of therapeutic hypothermia in humans (Sadaka et al, 2013; Shankaran, 2009; Yenari and Han, 2012). In hibernating animals, which lower their body temperature, a cold-induced protein shows promise in protecting neurons from damage and aids in synapse reformation during the rewarming of hibernating mammals (Peretti et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of temperature change on synaptic transmission at crayfish neuromuscular junctions

2018

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Ectothermic animals in areas characterised by seasonal changes are susceptible to extreme fluctuations in temperature. To survive through varied temperatures, ectotherms have developed unique strategies. This study focuses on synaptic transmission function at cold temperatures, as it is a vital component of ectothermic animals' survival. For determining how synaptic transmission is influenced by an acute change in temperature (20°C to 10°C within a minute) and chronic cold (10°C), the crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) neuromuscular junction (NMJ) was used as a model. To simulate chronic cold conditions, crayfish were acclimated to 15°C for 1 week and then to 10°C for 1 week. They were then used to examine the synaptic properties associated with the low output nerve terminals on the opener muscle in the walking legs and high output innervation on the abdominal deep extensor muscle. The excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) of the opener NMJs increased in amplitude with acute warming (20°C) after being acclimated to cold; however, the deep extensor muscles showed varied changes in EPSP amplitude. Synaptic transmission at both NMJs was enhanced with exposure to the modulators serotonin or octopamine. The membrane resistance of the muscles decreased 33% and the resting membrane potential hyperpolarised upon warm exposure. Analysis of haemolymph indicated that octopamine increases during cold exposure. These results suggest bioamine modulation as a possible mechanism for ensuring that synaptic transmission remains functional at low temperatures.

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