Therapeutic Impact of Costus (Saussurea lappa) Against Ehrlich Solid Tumor-Induced Cardiac Toxicity and DNA Damage in Female Mice

Abstract

Breast cancer remains the most common cause of cancer deaths among women globally. Ehrlich solid tumor (EST) is a transplantable tumor model for simulating breast cancer. This study aims to describe the protective role of costus (Saussurea lappa) root against EST-induced cardiac toxicity. Forty female mice were randomly and equally divided into four groups (G1, control group; G2, costus group; G3, EST group; G4, EST + costus). The results showed that compared to the control, EST induced a significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, creatine kinase myoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase activities; in potassium, chloride ion, cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein levels; in DNA damage and cardiac injury; and in p53 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Conversely, EST induced a significant decrease in sodium ion and high density lipoprotein levels and Ki67 expression compared to the control. Treatment of EST with costus improved cardiac toxicity, lipid profiles, electrolytes, and apoptosis, and protected against EST. This indicates the potential benefits of costus as an adjuvant in the prevention and treatment of cardiac toxicity.

Impact of Saussurea lappa root extract against copper oxide nanoparticles induced oxidative stress and toxicity in rat cardiac tissues

“…Current results are in convention with those found by Hoek et al 42 who identified that NPs affected cardiovascular system inducing not only cardiovascular toxicity and atherosclerosis, but also, increased risk of cardiopulmonary toxicity. In like manner, our findings agree with Elgharabawy et al 16 who reported that costus had a beneficial effect in treatment of cardiac toxicity induced by Ehrlich solid tumor in mice. Correspondingly, CuO NPs toxicity was associated with congestion, infiltration, and even necrosis of heart tissues.…”

“…Determination of serum creatine kinase‐MB (CK‐MB) and creatine kinase enzyme (CPK) levels were estimated using a colorimetric method by Alotaibi et al 1 and Elgharabawy et al, 16 respectively. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was estimated by a kinetic method using kits (Vitro Scient, Cairo, Egypt) as per Zilva and Pannall 19 and serum myoglobin (Mb) level by the method of Khan et al 20 The activities of both serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were estimated using a colorimetric method according to Moustafa et al 21 …”

“…Costus ( Saussurea lappa ) is a fragrant perennial plant used in numerous traditional medicine systems around the world to cure a number of ailments including diarrhea, dyspepsia, inflammation, and vomiting 13,14 . Antioxidant activity, antitumor, antidiabetic, antiulcer, antihepatotoxic activities, antimicrobial, antifungal impact, anthelmentic, antiinflammatory, and immunostimulant activities have all been demonstrated in S. lappa 15,16 …”

“…13,14 Antioxidant activity, antitumor, antidiabetic, antiulcer, antihepatotoxic activities, antimicrobial, antifungal impact, anthelmentic, antiinflammatory, and immunostimulant activities have all been demonstrated in S. lappa. 15,16 CuO NPs' high impact usage necessitates a rigorous assessment of the toxicity associated with them. However, there is currently inadequate understanding about the potential negative consequences of human exposure to CuO NPs.…”

Formulation and Characterization of Doxycycline-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles for Testing Antitumor/Antiangiogenic Action in Experimental Colon Cancer in Mice

“…This ensures blood supply to the newly proliferative cancer cells and enhances the generation and stabilization of cancer stem cells [ 74 , 75 , 76 ]. Previous studies disclosed the angiogenic capabilities of VEGF in Ehrlich solid carcinomas, with correlation to the chemotherapeutic efficacy and prognosis of the tested drug [ 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 ]. Herein, DOX-PRNP2 ameliorated the elevated tumor levels of IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF more efficiently than free DOX.…”