Therapeutic modulation methods of gut microbiota and gut-liver axis

COŞKUN, Ayfer BEYAZ; Celep, Adviye Gülçin Sağdiçoğlu

doi:10.1080/10408398.2021.1902263

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Based on the crucial contribution of intestinal microbiota to the occurrence of liver cancer, the gut-liver axis stands as a promising target for preventing liver cancer. Numerous preclinical studies have shown that disturbances in the gut-liver axis can significantly increase the incidence of HCC (by approximately 80%) in both mouse and rat models. ,, In line with these data, the present study also indicated that HCC mice have prominent intestinal microbiota disruptions compared with the normal mice. It has been shown that HCC patients and mice have less abundance of Bacteroidetes while more contents of Firmicutes . , Our results showed that the application of ginsenoside Rk3 could effectively increase Bacteroidetes abundance and reduce Firmicutes abundance in HCC mice.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Numerous preclinical studies have shown that disturbances in the gut-liver axis can significantly increase the incidence of HCC (by approximately 80%) in both mouse and rat models. 11,43,44 In line with these data, the present study also indicated that HCC mice have prominent intestinal microbiota disruptions compared with the normal mice. It has been shown that HCC patients and mice have less abundance of Bacteroidetes while more contents of Firmicutes.…”

Section: ■ Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Ginsenoside Rk3 Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development through Targeting the Gut-Liver Axis

Liu

Fan

2021

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Our previous reports showed that ginsenoside Rk3 provided excellent efficacy in alleviating the intestinal inflammatory response and protecting the liver, but its mechanism for HCC prevention remains to be explored. Here, the results suggested that Rk3 displayed potent antitumor effects against a dimethyl nitrosamine-and CCl 4 -induced HCC mouse model. Results revealed that Rk3 application inhibited liver injury, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. In parallel, Rk3 lowered the inflammatory response by decreasing the expression of inflammatory cytokines, inducing apoptosis, and blocking the cell cycle. Meanwhile, Rk3 effectively ameliorated the gut microbiota dysbiosis. Furthermore, correlation analysis revealed that the LPS-TLR4 signaling pathway, which was inhibited by Rk3, plays a key role in preventing HCC. To conclude, our research provides valuable insights into how Rk3 application targets the gut-liver axis and suppresses HCC development, suggesting that Rk3 might be a promising candidate for clinical treatment of HCC.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: ■ Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Ginsenoside Rk3 Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development through Targeting the Gut-Liver Axis

Liu

Fan

2021

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…The international society of probiotics and prebiotics defines probiotics as “living microorganisms which are conducive to the health state of the host if administered in sufficient quantities” ( Beyaz Coşkun and Sağdiçoğlu Celep, 2021 ). Currently, the most frequently used species are Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium , and they have been evaluated as a useful therapy for the prevention or treatment of gastrointestinal infections, urogenital infections, periodontal diseases, as well as dental caries ( Caglar et al., 2005 ; White et al., 2017 ; Scorletti et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Novel Methods Targeting For Microbiota To Attenuate Aihmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An introduction of the functional microbiota from the feces of healthy donors into the gut tract of patients is termed FMT ( Milosevic et al., 2019 ), which aims at the reconstruction of new intestinal microbiota, and to exhibit potential efficacy against gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal diseases ( Beyaz Coşkun and Sağdiçoğlu Celep, 2021 ). Owing to the successful C. difficile fecal transplantation, more and more patients have registered for fecal transplantation, especially those with gastrointestinal diseases such as metabolic syndrome or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ( Bron et al., 2017 ).…”

Section: Novel Methods Targeting For Microbiota To Attenuate Aihmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In healthy conditions, the intestinal epithelium constitutes a natural barrier to confer adequate protection against the intestinal microbiota as well as their metabolites through a tight junction, antibacterial molecules and mucus layer ( Beyaz Coşkun and Sağdiçoğlu Celep, 2021 ). The liver is widely thought to be the first organ exposed to gut-derived harmful substances, including bacteria and bacterial metabolites ( Seki and Brenner, 2008 ), but only a small quantity of them can move to the liver, where they are detoxified or diminished by the immune system in a healthy status ( Lin et al., 2015 ).…”

Section: The Gut-liver Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Gut Microbiota: A Novel Player in Autoimmune Hepatitis

Cheng

Yang

Chu

2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic immune-mediated liver disease distributed globally in all ethnicities with increasing prevalence. If left untreated, the disease will lead to cirrhosis, liver failure, or death. The intestinal microbiota is a complex ecosystem located in the human intestine, which extensively affects the human physiological and pathological processes. With more and more in-depth understandings of intestinal microbiota, a substantial body of studies have verified that the intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in a variety of digestive system diseases, including alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, only a few studies have paid attention to evaluate the relationship between AIH and the intestinal microbiota. While AIH pathogenesis is not fully elucidated yet, some studies have indicated that intestinal microbiota putatively made significant contributions to the occurrence and the development of AIH by triggering several specific signaling pathways, altering the metabolism of intestinal microbiota, as well as modulating the immune response in the intestine and liver. By collecting the latest related literatures, this review summarized the increasing trend of the aerobic bacteria abundance in both AIH patients and AIH mice models. Moreover, the combination of specific bacteria species was found distinct to AIH patients, which could be a promising tool for diagnosing AIH. In addition, there were alterations of luminal metabolites and immune responses, including decreased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), increased pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), imbalanced regulatory T (Treg)/Th17 cells, follicular regulatory T (TFR)/follicular helper T (TFH) cells, and activated natural killer T (NKT) cells. These alterations participate in the onset and the progression of AIH via multiple mechanisms. Therefore, some therapeutic methods based on restoration of intestinal microbiota composition, including probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), as well as targeted intestinal microbiota-associated signaling pathways, confer novel insights into the treatment for AIH patients.

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