Therapeutic peptides of Mucuna pruriens L.: Anti‐genotoxic molecules against human hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis C virus

Abstract

To assist the development of new therapeutic strategies for several disorders, biologically active peptides/proteins obtained from plant sources can be considered. Current study expected to determine the biological activities of peptide fractions of Mucuna pruriens against hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2/ADM, HepG2, SMMC‐7721, and QGY‐7703), as well as normal cell line to prove their selectivity. Moreover, anti‐genotoxicity and antiviral activity against the hepatitis C virus (HCV) were assessed. The methods of this study were to isolate the peptides of M. pruriens and hydrolysate fractionation via fractionated pepsin‐pancreatin hydrolysates by ultrafiltration/high‐performance ultrafiltration cell, identify anti‐hepatoma activity of peptide fractions human liver cancer and normal cells by (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazole‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐biphenyl tetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay, determine anti‐HCV, and assess anti‐genotoxic effect of peptide fractions against damage that induced via alkylating agent methyl methanesulphonate in human mononuclear cells. The results showed that the fraction 5–10 kDa has been reported to exhibit significant cytotoxic activity against HepG2 and QGY‐7703. It was proven that both of 5–10 and >10 kDa fractions are active against HCV. The cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of 5–10 kDa against the cell line was 703.04 ± 5.21 µg/ml. Anti‐genotoxic activities of the peptide fractions were evaluated as mean values for the analyzed comet images. In this regard, the highest activity of protecting DNA damages was observed by the peptide fraction of 5–10 kDa. This study revealed the potential ability of peptide fractions of M. pruriens for the treatment of liver cancer, HCV, and high activities of protecting DNA damages.

Optimisation and Characterisation of Novel Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptides Prepared by Double Enzymatic Hydrolysis from Agaricus bisporus Scraps

“…Biologically active peptides are beneficial for life activities or have specific physiological activity [4]. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the regulation of human blood pressure.…”

Mannose-Binding Lectins as Potent Antivirals against SARS-CoV-2

“…The C. brasiliensis and D. violacea seeds were collected from plants located at Crato, Ceará, Brazil, and the ConBR and DVL lectins were purified as previously described Lectins isolated from plants have been used as biotechnological tools against several infectious diseases [29], demonstrating potent antibacterial and antiviral effects [30][31][32][33]. In the antiviral context, lectins isolated from seeds of Bauhinia variegata (specificity for glucose and galactose) demonstrated activity against Coxsackievirus B3 and Rotavirus [34,35]; from Momordica charantia (specificity for galactose and N-Acetylgalactosamine) against HIV, HSV-1, H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1 [36][37][38][39]; from Mucuna pruriens (specificity for mannose) against HCV [40]; and from Senna tora (specificity for mannose and galactose) against SARS-CoV-2 [41,42]. Therefore, we hypothesized that the mannose-biding lectins ConBR and DVL could present antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, potentially by interacting with the S protein to abrogate virus cell entry.…”

Role of medicinal plants in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 and in the management of post-COVID-19 complications

“… The herb found to inhibitory SARS CoV-2 virus Flower and bud ethanol extract reduced TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β production Inflorescence or bud ethanol extract significantly increased delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, enhanced antibody generation by splenic cells and IgG and IgM levels Kwong et al, 2020 ; Lee et al, 2009 ; Cheng et al, 2005 Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris crassi rhizoma Nakai It clear heat and detoxify, removes lung hotness and having potent against SARS CoV-2 Ethanol root extract diminishes the production of NO and PGE2, down regulate the iNO synthase, COX-2, and TNF-a mRNA expression and also decrease the level of IL-6 Bioactive compound of isolated from rhizome extract exhibit immunomodulatory activity by replicating IL-1β, TNF-α Yang et al, 2020 ; Yang et al, 2013 ; Cheng et al, 2016 Fabaceae Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Peptide fraction has been reported in the treatment of to liver cancer, HCV, and high activities of protecting DNA damages Essential oil from leaf and flavonoids from seed powder showed anti-inflammatory The bean extract showed immunomodulatory activity by modulating TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-l, IL-1b, iNOS and IL-2 level in the CNS and also enhanced the activity of the transcription factor NF-kB Taghizadeh et al, 2021 ; Avoesh et al, 2020; Javed et al, 2010; Mallurwar et al, 2006 ; Rai et al, 2017 Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Glycyrrhizin (i) was shown to inhibit SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) replication Glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritin and liquiritigenin inhibited iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. The root extract also inhibited the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 Glycyrrhizin enhanced proliferation of allogenic T cells along with the production of IFN-γ and IL-10 and reduced IL-4 production Cinatl et al, 2003 ; Hoever et al, 2005 ; Fiore et al, 2008 ; Bordbar et al, 2012 Gentianacee Gentiana scabra Bunge n-hexane extract of rhizome inhibited SARS-CoV replication in cell-based cytopathogenic effect Chloroform and methanol extract of rhizomes and roots inhibit production of IL-6 and NO Polysaccharide fraction the aqueous root extract increased lymphocyte proliferation Yang et al, 2010 ; Wen et al, 2011 ; Wang et al, 2014 ; …”