Therapeutic Perspectives for Microbiota Transplantation in Digestive Diseases and Neoplasia—A Literature Review

Abstract

In a mutually beneficial connection with its host, the gut microbiota affects the host’s nutrition, immunity, and metabolism. An increasing number of studies have shown links between certain types of disease and gut dysbiosis or specific microorganisms. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is strongly advised for the treatment of recurrent or resistant Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) due to its outstanding clinical effectiveness against CDI. The therapeutic potential of FMT for other disorders, particularly inflammatory bowel diseases and malignancies, is currently gaining more and more attention. We summarized the most recent preclinical and clinical evidence to show the promise of FMT in the management of cancer as well as complications related to cancer treatment after reviewing the most recent research on the gut microbiota and its relationship to cancer.

Unveiling the Pathological Mechanisms of Death Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Viral Pneumonia

“…Molecular examinations unveiled the presence of only two out of the three studied viral genes in each autopsy specimen, and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the occurrence of viral nucleocapsid in a diminished proportion within the lungs. Another frequent complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection that can cause severe multiorgan damage and death is Clostridium Difficile enterocolitis, but recent treatments can decrease the mortality rate, mainly through fecal microbiota transplantation [ 21 ].…”

Exploring the Potential of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as a Therapy in Tuberculosis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

“…Recent research has revealed that genetic variations in genes associated with the interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 axis can impact the digestive mucosal integrity through their influence on the differentiation of Th17 cells, with implications in both diseases [ 16 ]. IL-17 and IL-22 play a crucial role in modulating the function of Th17 cells.…”

“…Other studies that describe the similarities between CD and ITB highlight the impact of gene polymorphisms within the IL-23/IL-17 axis on susceptibility to IBD and the development of ITB. In the same vein, genome-wide association studies conducted on Japanese and Korean populations have revealed associations between various genes that are signaling this pathway, which can predispose individuals to the development of IBD or, in the case of TB infection, to the development of ITB [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Previous studies involving population from China have noted that genetic polymorphism, specifically a single-nucleotide polymorphism in IL22 rs2227473, was found to be significantly correlated with susceptibility to developing TB [ 16 , 33 ].…”

“…In the same vein, genome-wide association studies conducted on Japanese and Korean populations have revealed associations between various genes that are signaling this pathway, which can predispose individuals to the development of IBD or, in the case of TB infection, to the development of ITB [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ]. Previous studies involving population from China have noted that genetic polymorphism, specifically a single-nucleotide polymorphism in IL22 rs2227473, was found to be significantly correlated with susceptibility to developing TB [ 16 , 33 ]. Other studies that describe the susceptibility to developing IBD or ITB observed a correlation with genetic polymorphism in the IL6 promoter region, with rs1800795 being the only one of eleven screened polymorphic loci showing a correlation with ITB and possible implications for susceptibility to CD [ 34 ].…”

“…Furthermore, the IL1β promoter polymorphism rs1143627 has been found to be correlated to Mtb infection, with the genotype impacting the severity of TB and even developing ITB [ 16 , 35 ].…”