Therapeutic Potential of Allicin-Rich Garlic Preparations: Emphasis on Clinical Evidence toward Upcoming Drugs Formulation

Sharifi‐Rad, Javad; Silva, Nathália Cristina Cirone; Jantwal, Arvind; Bhatt, Indra D.; Sharopov, Farukh; Cho, William C.; Taheri, Yasaman; Martins, Natália

doi:10.3390/app9245555

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 68 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Allicin supplementation along with tamoxifen treatment to Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells resulted in marked decrease in TNFα levels, showing its beneficial role as an adjuvant ( Arreola et al, 2015 ). In clinical trials evaluating the safety of allicin treatment, no adverse effects were reported ( Sharifi-Rad et al, 2019 ). In HT-29 and Caco-2 cells stimulated with TNFα, allicin brought about a marked inhibition in the secretion of IL-1β, IP10, CXCL8 and MIG in a dose-dependent manner.…”

Section: Natural Immunosuppressant Agents- Adjuvants To Target the Cymentioning

confidence: 99%

Calming the Storm: Natural Immunosuppressants as Adjuvants to Target the Cytokine Storm in COVID-19

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global health crisis, with no specific antiviral to treat the infection and the absence of a suitable vaccine to prevent it. While some individuals contracting the SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibit a well coordinated immune response and recover, others display a dysfunctional immune response leading to serious complications including ARDS, sepsis, MOF; associated with morbidity and mortality. Studies revealed that in patients with a dysfunctional immune response, there is a massive cytokine and chemokine release, referred to as the ‘cytokine storm’. As a result, such patients exhibit higher levels of pro-inflammatory/modulatory cytokines and chemokines like TNFα, INFγ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, G-CSF, GM-CSF, MCSF, HGF and chemokines CXCL8, MCP1, IP10, MIP1α and MIP1β. Targeting this cytokine storm is a novel, promising treatment strategy to alleviate this excess influx of cytokines observed at the site of infection and their subsequent disastrous consequences. Natural immunosuppressant compounds, derived from plant sources like curcumin, luteolin, piperine, resveratrol are known to inhibit the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. This inhibitory effect is mediated by altering signal pathways like NF-κB, JAK/STAT, MAPK/ERK that are involved in the production and release of cytokines and chemokines. The use of these natural immunosuppressants as adjuvants to ameliorate the cytokine storm; in combination with antiviral agents and other treatment drugs currently in use presents a novel, synergistic approach for the treatment and effective cure of COVID-19. This review briefly describes the immunopathogenesis of the cytokine storm observed in SARS-CoV-2 infection and details some natural immunosuppressants that can be used as adjuvants in treating COVID-19 disease.

show abstract

Section: Natural Immunosuppressant Agents- Adjuvants To Target the Cymentioning

confidence: 99%

Calming the Storm: Natural Immunosuppressants as Adjuvants to Target the Cytokine Storm in COVID-19

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Aged garlic extract (300 mg/ tablet) plus Coenzyme Q This combination was independently associated with beneficial effects on vascular elasticity and endothelial functions Larijani et al (2013) Random, double blinded, placebo-controlled 52 6 months 900 mg garlic powder Mean values for LDL cholesterol were reduced by nearly 10% Turner, Mølgaard, and Marckmann (2004) Random, double blinded and placebo-controlled 40 4 months 900 mg garlic powder Significantly lowered the total cholesterol, triglycerides and blood pressure Vorberg and Schneider (1990) including berries, citrus fruits, herbs, leafy vegetables, legumes, termed as "heart of garlic" (Salehi et al, 2019). Alliin is an amino acid that is converted into allyl sulfenic acid via the enzyme alliinase when garlic is crushed (Moss & Ramji, 2016;Sharifi-Rad et al, 2019). LDL and prevents carotid artery thickness.…”

Section: Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Presence of allicin in garlic and its biological properties were first reported in 1944 and was termed as “heart of garlic” (Salehi et al., 2019). Alliin is an amino acid that is converted into allyl sulfenic acid via the enzyme alliinase when garlic is crushed (Moss & Ramji, 2016; Sharifi‐Rad et al., 2019). Allyl sulfenic acid is an unstable compound and is highly reactive at room temperature.…”

Section: Treatment Strategies Using Plant‐based Bioactive Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This newly formed allicin is very unstable and immediately breaks into many smaller polysulfides which are then converted into hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) in the cells in a thiol‐dependent manner. The anti‐inflammatory and antiatherogenic properties of allicin are attributed to this hydrogen sulfide formation (Colín‐González & Santamaría, 2017; Moss & Ramji, 2016; Sharifi‐Rad et al., 2019). The reported pharmacological actions of allicin include antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, anticancer, anti‐fibrotic, antimicrobial, antiplatelet, and cardioprotective (Chan, Yuen, Chan, & Chan, 2013; Lu et al., 2012; Sharifi‐Rad et al., 2019).…”

Section: Treatment Strategies Using Plant‐based Bioactive Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pathophysiology of atherosclerosis: Association of risk factors and treatment strategies using plant‐based bioactive compounds

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Under physiological conditions, endothelial cells act as protective barrier which prevents direct contact of blood with circulating factors via production of tissue plasminogen activator. Risk factors of metabolic disorders are responsible to induce endothelial dysfunction and may consequently lead to prognosis of atherosclerosis. This article summarizes the process of atherosclerosis which involves number of sequences including formation and interaction of AGE-RAGE, activation of polyol pathway, protein kinase C, and hexosamine-mediated pathway. All these mechanisms can lead to the development of oxidative stress which may further aggravate condition. Different pharmacological interventions are being used to treat atherosclerosis, however, these might be associated with mild to severe side effects. Therefore, plantbased bioactive compounds having potential to combat and prevent atherosclerosis in diabetic patients are attaining recent focus. By understanding process of development and mechanisms involved in atherosclerotic plaque formation, these bioactive compounds can be better option for future therapeutic interventions for atherosclerosis treatment.

show abstract

“…This plant has many organosulfur compounds such as allicin, volatile compounds [2]. That reported having extensive pharmacological activities [3] such as antimicrobial [4], antihypertensive, nephroprotective, cardioprotective, antioxidant [5], anti-carcinogenic, antidiabetic, and cytochrome activity [2]. Allicin is known to be unstable and results from the action of the alliinase enzyme in alliin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Enteric-Coated Delayed-Release Microsphere of Phytosome Loading Allicin-Rich Extract

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: Allicin, a natural organosulfur compound, is the main garlic ingredient, which has extensive pharmacological activities. Its unstable under acidic conditions due to alliinase's inactivation causes the need for preparations that delayed-release in the stomach to maximize allicin absorption. This study aimed to prepare and characterize the enteric-coated microsphere of phytosome loading allicin-rich extract to protect it from gastric acid. Methods: The allicin-rich extract phytosome (ArE-Ps) was prepared and evaluated for characteristics. Microsphere was made in three formulas with different molar ratios of ArE-Ps and Eudragit L30D-55 (1:1; 1:1.5 and 1:2) by spray dry. The three microspheres compared to particle size, entrapment efficiency, and dissolution test in acid and 7.4 pH medium. Results: Optimized ArE-Ps has a size of 251.6 nm, polydispersity index 0.466, zeta potential 34.11, entrapment efficiency of 62.62 %, and specific gravity of 1,005 g/ml. The surface topography of the three formulas shows an almost spherical shape with concave surfaces. The particle size of the microsphere ranges from 215±6.27 nm to 548.8±10.15 nm. Entrapment efficiency increases with an increasing number of polymers with a maximum value of 65.44 % at F3. The results dissolution test in vitro showed no drug release in acidic medium, and drug release occurred at a 7.4 pH medium. Drug release of three microsphere formulations followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model with a k value of 12.7088±0.1769; 17.9322±1.5621; and 12.958±1.2677; respectively. Conclusion: Based on these results, the polymer's increase in three microsphere formulations can affect characteristics and retain drug release under acidic conditions.

show abstract

Therapeutic Potential of Allicin-Rich Garlic Preparations: Emphasis on Clinical Evidence toward Upcoming Drugs Formulation

Cited by 22 publications

References 68 publications

Calming the Storm: Natural Immunosuppressants as Adjuvants to Target the Cytokine Storm in COVID-19

Calming the Storm: Natural Immunosuppressants as Adjuvants to Target the Cytokine Storm in COVID-19

Pathophysiology of atherosclerosis: Association of risk factors and treatment strategies using plant‐based bioactive compounds

Preparation and Characterization of Enteric-Coated Delayed-Release Microsphere of Phytosome Loading Allicin-Rich Extract

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About