Therapeutic potential of astaxanthin and superoxide dismutase in Alzheimer's disease

Balendra, Vyshnavy; Singh, Sandeep Kumar

doi:10.1098/rsob.210013

Cited by 60 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 176 publications

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“…Axt is a powerful natural antioxidant that is known to exert multiple functions, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-apoptosis ones [ 23 ]. Axt has therefore been used in a variety of clinical scenarios, including skin rejuvenation, neurodegeneration, and cancer [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. We examined the safety of Axt under physiological conditions and found that cell viability was significantly enhanced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astaxanthin Promotes the Survival of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells by Alleviating Oxidative Stress via Activating the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway

Yang

Guo

Yue

et al. 2023

IJMS

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The survival of free fat grafts is dependent primarily on adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs); however, ADSCs are susceptible to oxidative stress in the recipient area. Astaxanthin (Axt) is a natural xanthophyll carotenoid with potent antioxidant properties and numerous clinical applications. To date, the therapeutic potential of Axt in fat grafting has not been explored. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Axt on oxidatively stressed ADSCs. An oxidative model of ADSCs was developed to simulate the host’s microenvironment. Oxidative insult decreased the protein levels of Cyclin D1, type I collagen alpha 1 (COL1A1), and type II collagen alpha 1 (COL2A1), while increasing the expression of cleaved Caspase 3 and secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in ADSCs. Axt pre-treatment significantly reduced oxidative stress, increased the synthesis of an adipose extracellular matrix, alleviated inflammation, and restored the impaired adipogenic potential in the present model. Furthermore, Axt immensely activated the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, and ML385, an inhibitor of Nrf2, could negate Axt’s protective effects. Additionally, Axt alleviated apoptosis by inhibiting bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX)/Caspase 3 signaling and improving the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), which could also be abolished by ML385. Our results suggest that Axt may exert its cytoprotective effect on ADSCs through the Nrf2 signaling pathway and could be therapeutic in fat grafting.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astaxanthin Promotes the Survival of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells by Alleviating Oxidative Stress via Activating the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway

Yang

Guo

Yue

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…Moreover, US middle-aged and older adults’ serum lutein+zeaxanthin was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause dementia [ 208 ]. In turn, astaxanthin-treated mice showed slower memory decline and decreased amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau protein deposition [ 209 ].…”

Section: Dietary Carotenoids In Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Carotenoids in Mood Disorders: An Overview

Rasmus

Kozłowska

2023

Antioxidants

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Depression has a multifactorial etiology comprising family history and unemployment. This review aims to summarize the evidence available for the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of carotenoids in mood disorders. This review article’s methodologies were based on a search of the PubMed database for all linked published papers. Epidemiological studies indicate that a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, nuts, fish, and olive oil may prevent the development of depression. Antioxidant supplementation has been found to combat various stress-induced psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety. A growing body of evidence indicates that carotenoids have both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Studies also suggest that poor dietary intake, particularly low intakes of fruit and vegetables and high intakes of fast food and other convenience foods, may increase the risk of developing depression. Thus, dietary interventions have the potential to help mitigate the risk of mental health decline in both the general population and those with mood disorders. Considering that carotenoids have both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, it is expected that they might exert a promising antidepressant effect. Nevertheless, further studies (including interventional and mechanistic studies) assessing the effect of carotenoids on preventing and alleviating depression symptoms are needed.

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“…Already approved for use as a food supplement, astaxanthin has been studied as a treatment for skin ageing, 9 oxidative stress and inflammation related to osteoarthritis, 10 diabetic retinopathy, 11 Alzheimer's disease (reviewed in Ref. [12]), cognitive performance (reviewed in Ref. [13]) and dyslipidaemia 14‐16 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astaxanthin, a natural antioxidant, lowers cholesterol and markers of cardiovascular risk in individuals with prediabetes and dyslipidaemia

Ciaraldi

Boeder

Mudaliar

et al. 2023

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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Aim: To determine the effects of astaxanthin treatment on lipids, cardiovascular disease (CVD) markers, glucose tolerance, insulin action and inflammation in individuals with prediabetes and dyslipidaemia.Materials and Methods: Adult participants with dyslipidaemia and prediabetes (n = 34) underwent baseline blood draw, an oral glucose tolerance test and a onestep hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp. They were then randomized (n = 22 treated, 12 placebo) to receive astaxanthin 12 mg daily or placebo for 24 weeks. Baseline studies were repeated after 12 and 24 weeks of therapy.Results: After 24 weeks, astaxanthin treatment significantly decreased low-density lipoprotein (À0.33 ± 0.11 mM) and total cholesterol (À0.30 ± 0.14 mM) (both P < .05). Astaxanthin also reduced levels of the CVD risk markers fibrinogen (À473 ± 210 ng/mL), L-selectin (À0.08 ± 0.03 ng/mL) and fetuin-A (À10.3 ± 3.6 ng/mL) (all P < .05). While the effects of astaxanthin treatment did not reach statistical significance, there were trends toward improvements in the primary outcome measure, insulin-stimulated, whole-body glucose disposal (+0.52 ± 0.37 mg/m 2 /min, P = .078), as well as fasting [insulin] (À5.6 ± 8.4 pM, P = .097) and HOMA2-IR (À0.31 ± 0.16, P = .060), suggesting improved insulin action. No consistent significant differences from baseline were observed for any of these outcomes in the placebo group. Astaxanthin was safe and well tolerated with no clinically significant adverse events.Conclusions: Although the primary endpoint did not meet the prespecified significance level, these data suggest that astaxanthin is a safe over-the-counter supplement that improves lipid profiles and markers of CVD risk in individuals with prediabetes and dyslipidaemia. † Deceased.

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Therapeutic potential of astaxanthin and superoxide dismutase in Alzheimer's disease

Cited by 60 publications

References 176 publications

Astaxanthin Promotes the Survival of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells by Alleviating Oxidative Stress via Activating the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway

Astaxanthin Promotes the Survival of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells by Alleviating Oxidative Stress via Activating the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Carotenoids in Mood Disorders: An Overview

Astaxanthin, a natural antioxidant, lowers cholesterol and markers of cardiovascular risk in individuals with prediabetes and dyslipidaemia

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