Therapeutic Potential of Cannabis: A Comprehensive Review of Current and Future Applications

Abstract

Historically, cannabis has been valued for its pain-relieving, anti-inflammatory, and calming properties. Ancient civilizations like the Egyptians, Greeks, and Chinese medicines recognized their therapeutic potential. The discovery of the endocannabinoid system, which interacts with cannabis phytoconstituents, has scientifically explained how cannabis affects the human immune system, including the central nervous system (CNS). This review explores the evolving world of cannabis-based treatments, spotlighting its diverse applications. By researching current research and clinical studies, we probe into how cannabinoids like Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) help to manage conditions ranging from chronic pain, persistent inflammation, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and neurological disorders to even viral diseases such as Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV), SARS-CoV-2. and the emerging monkeypox. The long-term recreational use of cannabis can develop into cannabis use disorder (CUD), and therefore, understanding the factors contributing to the development and maintenance of cannabis addiction, including genetic predisposition, neurobiological mechanisms, and environmental influences, will be timely. Shedding light on the adverse impacts of CUD underscores the importance of early intervention, effective treatment approaches, and public health initiatives to address this complex issue in an evolving landscape of cannabis policies and perceptions.

Phytocannabinoids: Exploring Pharmacological Profiles and Their Impact on Therapeutical Use

“…Studies suggest that cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, particularly activated by CBD, can inhibit cytokine activation, exerting antiviral effects. CBD has shown promise in suppressing virus replication, limiting the proliferation of infected cells, and reducing neuroinflammation in viruses such as Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, as evidenced by previous research findings [99].…”

Sleep, Glial Function, and the Endocannabinoid System: Implications for Neuroinflammation and Sleep Disorders

“…The evolving legal landscape, coupled with ongoing scientific research, will likely shape the integration of cannabinoids into sleep disorder management. Striking a balance between accessibility, safety, and efficacy remains a key challenge in maximizing the therapeutic potential of the ECS in the realm of sleep medicine [ 180 , 181 ].…”

Perceptions, Attitudes, and Knowledge of Cannabis and its Use: A Qualitative Study among Herbal Heart Study Young Adult Cannabis Consumers in South Florida

“…They also perceived the potential of cannabis as an alternative therapy or part of a holistic medicine for managing health-related conditions which reflects the evolving landscape of medical cannabis use and its potential as an adjunct to traditional treatment ( Leinen et al, 2023 ). Conversely, participants also acknowledged perceived health risks associated with cannabis use.…”