Therapeutic Potential of Silybum marianum and Pergularia tomentosa Extracts from Jordanian Origin in Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background: Jordan is a well-known country for its diversity in wild plants and for many decades, folk medicines represent part of its cultural heritage. In the present study, investigations have been focused on the therapeutic potential of Silybum marianum and Pergularia tomentosa on type 2 diabetes mellitus. In type 2 diabetes, which is considered a global health worry, the body cannot respond to or produce insulin hormone that raises the blood glucose level and the accompanied mortality, morbidity, healthcare expenses, and reduces the life quality. Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) enzyme, a serine protease, is responsible for deactivating incretin hormones that promote insulin secretion. Accordingly, DPP-IV inhibitory activity of these plant extracts that prolong the hypoglycemic effect of incretins was evaluated. Method: The aerial parts of S. marianum and P. tomentosa were dried, ground, and extracted with ethanol. The ethanol extract was dried under reduced pressure and was partitioned by methanol, butanol, and hexane according to a systematic procedure. The inhibition of DPP-IV enzyme by the different extracts was studied (at 10.0 mg/ mL concentration). Sitagliptin was used as the positive control. Results: Fortunately, most of the plant extracts have noticeable inhibitory activity against DPP-IV enzyme. It was found that the tested methanol extract of S. marianum has an inhibitory activity = 75.6% and the butanol extract of P. tomentosa = 73.6% which are analogous to DPP-IV inhibition of sitagliptin (78.5%), the used positive inhibitor. A superior inhibition of 98.1% was displayed for the butanol extract of S. marianum at 10.0 mg/ mL concentration. Conclusion: The revealed DPP-IV inhibitory activity of tested extracts advocates that their active constituents, particularly flavonoids, are capable of binding to the enzyme’s active cleft.

Phytochemical profiling and In-vitro antioxidant activity of In-vivo α- amylase and α- glucosidase inhibitory activities of kidney Costus spicatus extract in diabetic Albino wistar Rats

“…The secondary metabolites of Pergularia tomentosa and Silybum marianum mainly consist of phenolic compounds such as avonoids, tannins, and phenolic acids. These compounds have been reported to possess antioxidant, anti-in ammatory, antimicrobial, and biochemical properties (52,4,9). The secondary phytoconstituents of C. ingenus were found to be polyphenols, which showed high concentration and potential antimicrobial properties (51,34).…”

The Validation and Determination of Empagliflozin Concentration in the Presence of Grapefruit Juice Using HPLC for Pharmacokinetic Applications

“…Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common chronic disorders, usually associated with elevated blood sugar concentrations [ 1 ]. DM is mainly caused by insufficient insulin production from the pancreas and low cell sensitivity to the naturally secreted insulin [ 2 ].…”