Therapeutic Potential of Iridoid Derivatives: Patent Review

Abstract

Iridoids belong to a family of monoterpenoids comprising the cyclopentan[c]-pyran system; this class of compounds offers a wide range of biological effects, namely antileishmanial, anticancer, antiplasmodial, and anti-inflammatory potency. To date, a large number of biologically active iridoid derivatives have been reported from various plant families, including Rubiaceae, Plantaginaceae, Scrophulariaceae, and Verbenaceae. Furthermore, iridoids have the potential to form conjugates with other anticancer, antidiabetic, antileishmanial, and antimalarial drugs which synergistically have the potential to increase their effects. Additionally, future research should focus on the synthesis of halo analogs as well as preparing homo dimers or heterodimers of iridoids, since these might quite conceivably possess an increased bioactivity.

Valorization of European Cranberry Bush (Viburnum opulus L.) Berry Pomace Extracts Isolated with Pressurized Ethanol and Water by Assessing Their Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant, and Antiproliferative Activities

“…Moreover, the information on V. opulus iridoids and their bioactivities is rather scarce. Some iridoids demonstrated remarkable effects against various cancer cells [ 52 ]. It is also worth mentioning that the compounds showing other bioactivities such as antimicrobial and antiviral usually are promising candidates for anticancer agents.…”

Middle Eastern Plant Extracts: An Alternative to Modern Medicine Problems

“…From the flow cytometry experiment, it was found that the 1321 cell line treated with filtered leaf extract induced apoptosis, indicating that apoptosis is the mechanism by which the extract caused death of the cancer cells. The anti-cancer property from S. striata can be due to the presence of monoterpenoid compounds such as iridoid glycosides, especially aucubin and catalpol [108]. The compound iridoid glycosides have been known to have anti-cancer properties against various cancer cells, such as breast cancer, renal cancer, and lung cancer [107].…”

Recent Advances in Iridoid Chemistry: Biosynthesis and Chemical Synthesis

“…[4] The various modifica-tions at the C11 position, including hydrogen, methyl, aldehyde, ester and carboxylic acid, are observed in natural products. [4,7] Structures of catalpol (1) and loganin (2) are depicted as representative carbocyclic iridoids.…”

“…Stereochemical diversity arises from C8 methyl substituents. Nepetalactone (7) and boonein (8) are depicted as a type-II iridoid lactone (Figure 1b-2). While the cis-fused ring system is widely known, trans-fused iridoid lactones are also isolated, such as isoepiiridomyrmecin (9) and epinepetalactone (10) (Figure 1b-3).…”

“…The affords jatamamin F (81) (4R) and jatamamin G (82) (4S). In addition, dehydration of 91 provides gastrolactone (84) and further treatment of 84 using Crabtree's catalyst under an atmosphere of hydrogen generates nepetalactone (7). Using the same strategy, Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular allylic alkylation, as described in Scheme 8, Suh's research group achieves efficient synthesis of a series of iridoid lactones.…”