Therapeutic potential of periodontal ligament stem cells

Abstract

Inflammatory periodontal disease known as periodontitis is one of the most common conditions that affect human teeth and often leads to tooth loss. Due to the complexity of the periodontium, which is composed of several tissues, its regeneration and subsequent return to a homeostatic state is challenging with the therapies currently available. Cellular therapy is increasingly becoming an alternative in regenerative medicine/dentistry, especially therapies using mesenchymal stem cells, as they can be isolated from a myriad of tissues. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are probably the most adequate to be used as a cell source with the aim of regenerating the periodontium. Biological insights have also highlighted PDLSCs as promising immunomodulator agents. In this review, we explore the state of knowledge regarding the properties of PDLSCs, as well as their therapeutic potential, describing current and future clinical applications based on tissue engineering techniques.

Dental Pulp Stem Cell-Derived Secretome and Its Regenerative Potential

“…Consequently, hDPSCs and SHEDs became a promising field for future investigation and application in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering [ 12 , 13 , 21 , 27 , 28 , 35 ]. As presented in Table 1 , dental MSCs have some features resembling MSCs, including fibroblast morphology, selective adherence to solid surfaces, formation of colonies in vitro, and expression of profile-specific markers similar to BMMSCs [ 13 , 25 , 27 , 35 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ].…”

“…hPDLSCs are heterogeneous, clonogenic, highly proliferative, and multipotent cells [ 40 , 41 ]. hPDLSCs are positive for typical MSCs surface markers such as: CD10, CD13, CD26, CD29, CD44, CD59, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD106, CD140b, CD146, CD166 but they also share pericytes markers such as STRO-1, Neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2) and CD140b/platelet-derived growth factor receptor as well as neural crest derived cell markers: Nestin β-tubulin III CD271/p75NTR, SLUG and SOX10 [ 40 , 41 ]. hDPDLSCs are negative for: CD11b, CD14, CD19, CD31, CD34, CD40, CD45, CD79α, CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR [ 40 , 41 ].…”

“…hPDLSCs are positive for typical MSCs surface markers such as: CD10, CD13, CD26, CD29, CD44, CD59, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD106, CD140b, CD146, CD166 but they also share pericytes markers such as STRO-1, Neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2) and CD140b/platelet-derived growth factor receptor as well as neural crest derived cell markers: Nestin β-tubulin III CD271/p75NTR, SLUG and SOX10 [ 40 , 41 ]. hDPDLSCs are negative for: CD11b, CD14, CD19, CD31, CD34, CD40, CD45, CD79α, CD80, CD86 and HLA-DR [ 40 , 41 ]. hPDLSCs can differentiate into cementoblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes.…”

“…hPDLSCs can differentiate into cementoblasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. They can also differentiate into neurons, cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, pancreatic islet cells, and corneal keratocytes [ 40 , 41 ]. hPDLSCs revealed immunomodulatory properties that can be performed by direct cell-to-cell contact or by the synthesis of specific bioactive factors that alter the phenotype of different immune cells [ 41 ].…”

Stem Cells and Their Derivatives—Implications for Alveolar Bone Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review

“…A periodontal ligament is specialized connective tissue responsible for the regeneration of adjacent periodontal structures. PDLSCs are multipotent cells with high proliferation activity and the capability to differentiate into osteoblasts, cementoblasts, chondroblasts, and adipocytes [42]. Therefore, PDLSCs have also been examined as a possible source for bone regeneration.…”