Therapeutic Potential of Phytoconstituents in Management of Alzheimer’s Disease

Singh, Anurag; Nand, Sachchida; Maurya, Anand Kumar; Mishra, Gaurav; Awasthi, Rajendra; Shakya, Anshul; Chellappan, Dinesh Kumar; Dua, Kamal; Vamanu, Emanuel; Chaudhary, Sushil Kumar; Singh, Mohan

doi:10.1155/2021/5578574

Cited by 52 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 166 publications

(161 reference statements)

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“…This means that they are rich in phytonutrients, such as polyphenols, carotenoids, antioxidant vitamins, healthy fats, and other phytochemicals linked to lower chronic inflammation and oxidative stress and to better scores of the Dietary Inflammatory Index, which has been shown to be inversely associated with memory and cognitive functioning [108]. In animal models, these nutrients and non-nutrients have been found to enhance neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal survival by reducing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation [109]. In particular, a variety of vegetables have attracted the attention of the lay public and also the scientific community for their content, although in reduced amounts, of numerous molecules increasingly investigated for their healthy properties.…”

Section: Vegetablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Other Lifestyle Factors in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Dementia

et al. 2021

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Multiple factors combined are currently recognized as contributors to cognitive decline. The main independent risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia is advanced age followed by other determinants such as genetic, socioeconomic, and environmental factors, including nutrition and physical activity. In the next decades, a rise in dementia cases is expected due largely to the aging of the world population. There are no hitherto effective pharmaceutical therapies to treat age-associated cognitive impairment and dementia, which underscores the crucial role of prevention. A relationship among diet, physical activity, and other lifestyle factors with cognitive function has been intensively studied with mounting evidence supporting the role of these determinants in the development of cognitive decline and dementia, which is a chief cause of disability globally. Several dietary patterns, foods, and nutrients have been investigated in this regard, with some encouraging and other disappointing results. This review presents the current evidence for the effects of dietary patterns, dietary components, some supplements, physical activity, sleep patterns, and social engagement on the prevention or delay of the onset of age-related cognitive decline and dementia.

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Section: Vegetablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Other Lifestyle Factors in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Dementia

et al. 2021

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“…Herbs used in other traditions, such as Ginkgo biloba , Withania somnifera , Panax ginseng , and Curcuma longa , and some phytochemicals have also shown promising results in the treatment of dementia ( Alzobaidi et al, 2021 ). Currently, studies are focused on drug delivery, such as improving the potential anti-dementia effect of HM by using a targeted nanocarrier system ( Moradi et al, 2020 ; Singh et al, 2021 ). Any current or future studies that explore the therapeutic potential of HM for dementia should be encouraged, as these can provide valuable insight in the field.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbal Medicine for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Kwon

Lee

2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Background: Dementia is a global health concern, causing serious health and socioeconomic burdens with population aging. The associated symptoms of dementia, called behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), are factors contributing to the socioeconomic burden of dementia. Recently, herbal medicine (HM) has attracted attention as a potential complementary therapy for BPSD. Therefore, this systematic review was aimed at analyzing the effectiveness (or efficacy), safety, and research status of HM in BPSD management through a comprehensive review.Methods: Thirteen electronic databases were searched comprehensively. Related clinical studies published until December 28, 2020, were collected. The methodological quality was evaluated using tools such as the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool according to the study design. The effectiveness (or efficacy) was analyzed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) only, and when sufficient homogeneity was assured, effect estimates were presented as mean difference (MD) and risk ratio (RR), with 95% confidence interval (CIs), through a meta-analysis.Results: A total of 52 clinical studies, including 36 RCTs, were included in this review. As an adjunctive therapy, HM showed statistically significant benefits in BPSD severity assessed by the Behavior Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease Rating Scale (combined with psychotropic drugs: MD = −3.48, 95% CI: −3.96 to −2.99; with anti-dementia drugs: MD = −2.81, 95% CI: −3.17 to −2.45) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (with anti-dementia drugs: MD = −3.23, 95% CI: −4.06 to −2.40). Adverse events were significantly less frequent in the HM group (RR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.88). However, the methodological quality of the RCTs included in this systematic review was not optimal overall.Conclusion: According to the findings of this review, HM may be associated with additional benefits in BPSD treatment, particularly when used as an adjunct to conventional medications, including psychotropic and anti-dementia drugs. However, considering the methodological quality of the included RCTs, this clinical evidence is not robust. Nevertheless, dementia is a global health concern, and considering the limitations of conventional psychotropic drugs for BPSD, a major cause of the disease burden, HM appears to be a promising complementary therapy that warrants further research.

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“…Microglial activation augments AD pathogenesis, and thus, an altered expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2), that acts as a risk factor for AD, may reduce the compaction of Aβ and attenuate the cognitive decline (Rai et al, 2020a ). Moreover, several phytochemicals, which act as conventional herbal remedies for AD, may be used to explore their efficacy against MCR (Singh et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome: Symptoms, Pathology, Diagnosis, and Recovery

Liu

Sun

2022

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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The motoric cognitive risk (MCR) syndrome is a pre-dementia condition, marked by the enhanced risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia, together with falls, disability, and abnormal movements. The research studies revealed the distinct neurological and non-neurological clinical gait irregularities during dementia and accelerated functional decline, such as postural and balance impairments, memory loss, cognitive failure, and metabolic dysfunctions. The disabling characteristics of MCR comprise altered afferent sensory and efferent motor responses, together with disrupted visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive components. The pathological basis of MCR relates with the frontal lacunar infarcts, white matter hyperintensity (WMH), gray matter atrophy in the pre-motor and pre-frontal cortex, abnormal cholinergic functioning, inflammatory responses, and genetic factors. Further, cerebrovascular lesions and cardiovascular disorders exacerbate the disease pathology. The diagnosis of MCR is carried out through neuropsychological tests, biomarker assays, imaging studies, questionnaire-based evaluation, and motor function tests, including walking speed, dual-task gait tests, and ambulation ability. Recovery from MCR may include cognitive, physical, and social activities, exercise, diet, nutritional supplements, symptomatic drug treatment, and lifestyle habits that restrict the disease progression. Psychotherapeutic counseling, anti-depressants, and vitamins may support motor and cognitive improvement, primarily through the restorative pathways. However, an in-depth understanding of the association of immobility, dementia, and cognitive stress with MCR requires additional clinical and pre-clinical studies. They may have a significant contribution in reducing MCR syndrome and the risk for dementia. Overall, the current review informs the vital connection between gait performance and cognition in MCR and highlights the usefulness of future research in the discernment and treatment of dementiating illness.

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Therapeutic Potential of Phytoconstituents in Management of Alzheimer’s Disease

Cited by 52 publications

References 166 publications

Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Other Lifestyle Factors in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Dementia

Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Other Lifestyle Factors in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Dementia

Herbal Medicine for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Motoric Cognitive Risk Syndrome: Symptoms, Pathology, Diagnosis, and Recovery

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