Therapeutic Potentials of Syzygium fruticosum Fruit (Seed) Reflected into an Array of Pharmacological Assays and Prospective Receptors-Mediated Pathways

Abstract

Syzygium fruticosum (SF), a valuable Bangladeshi fruit, is considered an alternative therapeutic agent. Mainly, seeds are used as nutritional phytotherapy to ease physical and mental status by preventing chronic diseases. Here, we scrutinized theS. fruticosum seed’s fundamental importance in traditional medicine by following an integrated approach combining in vivo, in vitro,and in silico studies. The SF was fractionated with different solvents, and the ethyl acetate fraction of SF (EaF-SF) was further studied. Mice treated with EaF-SF (200 and 400 mg/kg) manifested anxiolysis evidenced by higher exploration in elevated plus maze and hole board tests. Similarly, a dose-dependent drop of immobility time in a forced swimming test ensured significant anti-depressant activity. Moreover, higher dose treatment exposed reduced exploratory behaviour resembling decreased movement and prolonged sleeping latency with a quick onset of sleepduring the open field and thiopental-induced sleeping tests, respectively. Inparallel, EaF-SF significantly (p < 0.001) and dose-dependently suppressed aceticacid and formalin-induced pain in mice. Also, a noteworthy anti-inflammatoryactivity and a substantial (p < 0.01) clot lysis activity (thrombolytic) was observed. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis resulted in 49 bioactive compounds. Among them, 12 bioactive compounds with Lipinski’s rule and safety confirmation showed strong bindingaffinity (molecular docking) against the receptors of each model used. Toconclude, the S. fruticosum seed isa prospective source of health-promotingeffects that can be an excellent candidate for preventing degenerative diseases.

Natural Products of Pharmacology and Mechanisms in Nucleus Pulposus Cells and Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

“…Tian et al [ 84 ] reported that IDD was associated with upregulation of cGAS, STING, and NLRP3; moreover, pigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibited the cGAS/STING/NLRP3 pathway and exerted antiapoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. Gallic acid is a natural phenolic (a secondary metabolite of grape seeds, Syzygium fruticosum fruit, and other plants [ 85 ]). Gallic acid exerts strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects [ 86 ].…”

Antiproliferative and antioxidant potentials of bioactive edible vegetable fraction of Achyranthes ferruginea Roxb. in cancer cell line

“…Plants with medicinal properties are being used in health care since the dawn of civilization (Khan et al, 2020;Moni et al, 2021;Rahman et al, 2021;Sofowora et al, 2013). Globally, many studies have been conducted to check their effectiveness, with some of the results leading to plant-based medicines (Goni et al, 2021;Hossen et al, 2021;Sofowora et al, 2013).…”

Antioxidative role of palm grass rhizome ameliorates anxiety and depression in experimental rodents and computer-aided model

“…It is one of the predominant mental disorders approximately 10% of people worldwide have depression ( Organization, 2017 ). Several studies have reported that stress is also a causative factor for anxiety and depression, leading to the increased formation of free radicals and initiating oxidative stress ( Bellah et al., 2017 ; Hossain et al., 2020 ; Hossen et al., 2021a ; Moni et al., 2021 ; Nirmal et al., 2008 ). Despite this, various types of medicine, such as tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, are the most commonly used drugs for anxiety and depression management ( Belmaker and Agam, 2008 ; Tareq et al., 2020 ).…”