Therapeutic Radionuclides: Production, Physical Characteristics, and Applications

Srivastava, Suresh C.; Mausner, L.F.

doi:10.1007/174_2012_782

Cited by 26 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…In this field, a working compromise is always sought among the standard chemical separation methods; however, they are not easily applicable since the conditions are mostly of non-equilibrium, and safe procedures for the treatment of radioactive materials impose certain safety boundaries on separation methods [60]. Indeed, the reactor- or accelerator-produced radionuclide processing has to take place in a shielded and controlled environment, such as a radiochemistry hood or hot cell inside laboratories that are authorized to perform the detention and handling of radioactive tracers and waste [61]. Moreover, if the product of interest is intended for human use, Pharmacopoeia and similar regulatory bodies impose specific product quality requirements for injection, such as sterility, apirogenicity, specific activity, as well as chemical, radiochemical and radionuclidic purity.…”

Section: Use Of Lle For Radioisotopes Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It provides a high selectivity even when dealing with very low concentrations, as partition conditions can be easily varied to obtain radioisotope yields relatively free from chemical and radionuclidic impurities. LLE can be performed rapidly (a particularly vital characteristic when isolating isotopes with shorter half-lives), and is relatively simple to automate [61,63]. Typically, LLE is followed by evaporation of the extracting solvent, back extraction in aqueous phase or SPE/chromatography to purify the radionuclide from the organic phase and dissolved into a solution phase appropriate for successive radiolabelling or injection.…”

Section: Use Of Lle For Radioisotopes Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perspectives on the Use of Liquid Extraction for Radioisotope Purification

et al. 2019

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The reliable and efficient production of radioisotopes for diagnosis and therapy is becoming an increasingly important capability, due to their demonstrated utility in Nuclear Medicine applications. Starting from the first processes involving the separation of 99mTc from irradiated materials, several methods and concepts have been developed to selectively extract the radioisotopes of interest. Even though the initial methods were based on liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) approaches, the perceived difficulty in automating such processes has slowly moved the focus towards resin separation methods, whose basic chemical principles are often similar to the LLE ones in terms of chelators and phases. However, the emerging field of flow chemistry allows LLE to be easily automated and operated in a continuous manner, resulting in an even improved efficiency and reliability. In this contribution, we will outline the fundamentals of LLE processes and their translation into flow-based apparatuses; in addition, we will provide examples of radioisotope separations that have been achieved using LLE methods. This article is intended to offer insights about the future potential of LLE to purify medically relevant radioisotopes.

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Section: Use Of Lle For Radioisotopes Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Use Of Lle For Radioisotopes Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on the Use of Liquid Extraction for Radioisotope Purification

et al. 2019

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“…The calculated (α, n) and (α, 2n) (α, 3n) reaction cross sections for 209 Bi(α, n) 212 [1]. The obtained results were then compared with the experimental data existing in the EXFOR databases [24,25]. The values of the cross section were expressed in (10 −3 barns), while that of energies in (MeV) [15].…”

Section: Computer Code Complet Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When 209 Bi is bombarded by alpha particle, it can produce 211 At with two neutrons [8,25]. Based on the EXFOR database and computer code COMPLET, the results for (α, 2n) reaction channel are tabulated as in table 2 [18,19].…”

Section: Bi (α 2n) 211 At Nuclear Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The study of alpha particle induced reactions on bismuth-209 isotopes using computer code COMPLET

2019

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Calculations of the excitation function of 209 Bi (α, n) 212 At, 209 Bi (α, 2n) 211 At and 209 Bi (α, 3n) 210 At reactions have been focussed on alpha induced reaction. Energy ranges of alpha particles were taken into computations as 10 MeV to 70 MeV. The objective of this study is to compare the computed results with the experimental data existing in the literature for each reactions. The calculated 209Bi(α,xn) reaction cross-sections were computed using computer code COMPLET and were then compared with the experimental nuclear reaction data obtained from EXFOR library in the literature. This calculated data was analyzed and interpreted with tabular and graphical descriptions. Good agreement was found between the experimental and theoretical data. The results were briefly discussed within the text of this research work.

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“…Theranostic applications in molecular imaging and therapy involve the use of a radionuclide or radionuclide pairs with nuclear, physical, and biological characteristics that allow tailored imaging and therapy in the same patient [1]. This personalized approach to nuclear medicine offers the possibility of matching the properties of different theranostic radionuclides with a targeting vector for distinct tumor types.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonuclear production, chemistry, and in vitro evaluation of the theranostic radionuclide 47Sc

et al. 2019

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Background In molecular imaging and nuclear medicine, theranostic agents that integrate radionuclide pairs are successfully being used for individualized care, which has led to rapidly growing interest in their continued development. These compounds, which are radiolabeled with one radionuclide for imaging and a chemically identical or similar radionuclide for therapy, may improve patient-specific treatment and outcomes by matching the properties of different radionuclides with a targeting vector for a particular tumor type. One proposed theranostic radionuclide is scandium-47 ( 47 Sc, T 1/2 = 3.35 days), which can be used for targeted radiotherapy and may be paired with the positron emitting radionuclides, 43 Sc ( T 1/2 = 3.89 h) and 44 Sc ( T 1/2 = 3.97 h) for imaging. The aim of this study was to investigate the photonuclear production of 47 Sc via the 48 Ti(γ,p) 47 Sc reaction using an electron linear accelerator (eLINAC), separation and purification of 47 Sc, the radiolabeling of somatostatin receptor-targeting peptide DOTATOC with 47 Sc, and in vitro receptor-mediated binding of [ 47 Sc]Sc-DOTATOC in AR42J somatostatin receptor subtype two (SSTR2) expressing rat pancreatic tumor cells. Results The rate of 47 Sc production in a stack of natural titanium foils ( n = 39) was 8 × 10 7 Bq/mA·h ( n = 3). Irradiated target foils were dissolved in 2.0 M H 2 SO 4 under reflux. After dissolution, trivalent 47 Sc ions were separated from natural Ti using AG MP-50 cation exchange resin. The recovered 47 Sc was then purified using CHELEX 100 ion exchange resin. The average decay-corrected two-step 47 Sc recovery ( n = 9) was (77 ± 7)%. A radiolabeling yield of > 99.9% of [ 47 Sc]Sc-DOTATOC (0.384 mg in 0.3 mL) was achieved using 1.7 MBq of 47 Sc. Blocking studies using Octreotide illustrated receptor-mediated uptake of [ 47 Sc]Sc-DOTATOC in AR42J cells. Conclusions 47 Sc can be produced via the 48 Ti(γ,p) 47 Sc reaction and separated from natural Ti targets with a yield and radiochemical purity suitable for radiolabeling of peptides for in vitro studies. The data in this work supports the potential use of eLINACs for studies of photonuclear production of medical radionuc...

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Therapeutic Radionuclides: Production, Physical Characteristics, and Applications

Cited by 26 publications

References 84 publications

Perspectives on the Use of Liquid Extraction for Radioisotope Purification

Perspectives on the Use of Liquid Extraction for Radioisotope Purification

The study of alpha particle induced reactions on bismuth-209 isotopes using computer code COMPLET

Photonuclear production, chemistry, and in vitro evaluation of the theranostic radionuclide 47Sc

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