Therapeutische Möglichkeiten bei obstruktiver Urolithiasis
                    des kleinen Wiederkäuers

Sickinger, Marlene

doi:10.1055/a-0863-7008

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…If untreated, complete urethral obstruction often results in a fatal outcome and animals are commonly presented in an emergency setting [2, 6]. Although many surgical techniques for relieve of obstructive urolithiasis have been established [7], long-term success rates are still unsatisfactory [8]. One of the main problems in small ruminants with urolithiasis is a stricture formation of the urethra after surgical intervention [9].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pilot study to assess the feasibility of endoscopic placement of a transurethral urinary balloon catheter in male sheep cadavers

2019

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Surgery of obstructive urolithiasis in small ruminants is often unsatisfactory due to postoperative development of strictures. The present study aimed to establish an endoscopic technique for the placement of a transurethral urinary catheter into the bladder of rams. This catheter was used as a removable stent-like drainage. The procedure was performed in three sheep rams that were euthanized and placed for surgery in 45° Trendelenburg position. In one ram, cystotomy was performed via right paramedian laparotomy. A 3 mm flexible fiberscope was introduced into the urinary bladder and advanced via urethra to the tip of the penis. Placing a guide wire through the endoscopic working channel into the urethra enabled the retrograde insertion of a transurethral urinary catheter into the bladder. In two rams, retrograde insertion of a fiberscope was performed. Again, a guidewire was used to insert a balloon catheter into the bladder. Paramedian right laparotomy was performed to ascertain the correct position of the balloon. Both techniques, antero- and retrograde endoscopy, were possible and could be successfully performed. Mucous membranes and urinary microliths were easily observed. Repeated advancing of the endoscope or the catheter resulted in marked damage of the mucous membranes. The patency of the urethra may be restored by means of endoscopic placement of a transurethral catheter in male small ruminants. The applicability and clinical outcome of this procedure as well as the effects on stricture formation should be further examined with controlled clinical studies.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pilot study to assess the feasibility of endoscopic placement of a transurethral urinary balloon catheter in male sheep cadavers

2019

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“…This is the reason why all affected animals in this study were males, most likely because females have a short and wider urethra that permits the passage of calculi. Breed, sex, age, restriction of water, season, and geographical position are also contributing factors ( Sickinger, 2019 ). Hypovitaminosis A resulted in desquamation of the urinary tract epithelial tissue and early castration resulting in more narrowing and underdevelopment of the urethra are also very important predisposing agents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discolored urine in sheep and goats: Clinical, etiological, hematobiochemical, sonographic and postmortem findings

Tharwat,

Hegazy,

Alkheraif

2024

Open Vet J

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Background: Bloody urine is classified in farm animals as hematuria, hemoglobinuria and myoglobinuria. In small ruminants, discolored urine is reported due to several etiologies which is sometimes fatal. Of these causes are babesiosis, bacillary hemoglobinuria, copper toxicity and hypophosphatemia. Aim: This study was designed to investigate the clinical, etiological, hematobiochemical, ultrasonographic and pathological findings in rams and bucks with red urine syndrome. Methods: Eighteen male animals (9 rams and 9 bucks) of 6 months to 3 years examined. Parallel, 10 healthy controls were used. They were admitted due to red urine, voiding of only urine drops, straining during the act of urination, grunting during urination, ventral abdominal edema and abdominal distension. Duration of the disease ranged from 2 to 30 days. A history of chronic copper toxicosis was informed in 2 bucks and a ram. Two blood samples were collected from diseased as well as from controls in EDTA tubes (for complete blood count testing) and in plain tubes (for serum collection). Results: Hematuria was found in 11 animals (7 bucks and 4 rams) while hemoglobinuria was detected in 7 animals (5 bucks and 2 rams). Sonographic findings in diseased animals included ruptured urinary bladder in 3, ruptured urethra in 5, penile calculi, uroperitoneum in 6, distended urinary bladder in 7, hydronephrosis in 5, echogenic deposits in the bladder in 3 and ventral urine accumulation in 4 animals. Laboratory evaluation of Geimsa-stained blood smear confirmed the infection with Babesia in three bucks and a ram. Hemolytic anemia was marked in 2 bucks and a ram due to chronic copper toxicity. Biochemical abnormalities included hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, increased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentration and hyperglycemia. Postmortem examination was carried out on 6 animals (4 rams and 2 bucks). Conclusion: Discolored urine in rams and bucks in this study resulted from hematuria due to urinary calculi and pelvic abscessation or from hemoglobinuria due to Babesia infection or due to copper toxicity. Hemolytic anemia was the outstanding hematological finding and hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, increased BUN and creatinine and hyperglycemia were the characteristic biochemical findings. Sonography of the urinary tract was very helpful in assessing the renal parenchyma, urinary bladder and the abdominal cavity for the verification of urolithiasis, hydronephrosis, intact or ruptured urinary bladder, uroperitoneum and perforated urethra.

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A systematic review on urolithiasis in small ruminants according to nutrition-dependent prevalence and outcome after surgery

Sickinger

Windhorst

2022

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Obstructive urolithiasis is a common disease in small ruminants with fatal outcomes if left untreated. Many methods have been established; however, long-term success rates remain unsatisfactory. Four bibliographic databases (PubMed, HeBis, Medline (OvidSP), and Web of Science) were searched to evaluate the prevalence of urolithiasis in small ruminants and long-term outcomes after surgery using a systematic review. The study aimed to give evidence-based data concerning prevalence and success rates after surgery. Materials and Methods: The analysis included 24 (total 239) peer-reviewed journal articles dealing with the prevalence of urolithiasis and 16 (total 39) concerning long-term outcomes after surgery. Literature was included if it referred to species, language, availability, and relevant statements to the specific questions, including the presence of control groups. Heterogeneity tests included χ2, Ι2, and τ2, respectively. A 95% confidence interval was determined, and effects were estimated using the fixed effect model. Due to a feeding-associated bias, prevalence analysis was conducted for a sorghum-based and a corn-based feeding resulting in a weighted prevalence of 62% and 17%, respectively. Analysis of long-term outcomes after surgical interventions revealed long-term success rates of 15-77% after ultrasonographic tube cystotomy and marsupialization of the urinary bladder, respectively. Results: The prevalence of urolithiasis is strongly associated with feeding and may be calculated as 17% in corn-based rations and 62% in sorghum-based rations. Surgical interventions result in guarded to moderate long-term success rates of 15-66%. Urethral stoma and marsupialization of the bladder provide acceptable long-term success rates with 71-77% but are rather salvage techniques than accepted surgical methods, especially when used in companion animals. Conclusion: The development of urolithiasis is mainly influenced by nutrition. Effective prophylaxis of this disease should, therefore, always include advisory service for the owners. Existing surgical techniques should be critically re-evaluated concerning their long-term success rates.

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Therapeutische Möglichkeiten bei obstruktiver Urolithiasis des kleinen Wiederkäuers

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

A pilot study to assess the feasibility of endoscopic placement of a transurethral urinary balloon catheter in male sheep cadavers

A pilot study to assess the feasibility of endoscopic placement of a transurethral urinary balloon catheter in male sheep cadavers

Discolored urine in sheep and goats: Clinical, etiological, hematobiochemical, sonographic and postmortem findings

A systematic review on urolithiasis in small ruminants according to nutrition-dependent prevalence and outcome after surgery

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