Therapeutisches Management akraler Manifestationen der systemischen Sklerose

Abstract

Acral manifestations of systemic sclerosis include Raynaud's phenomenon, calcinosis cutis, and sclerodactyly. In the later stages of the disease, contractures of the skin and joints as well as obliterative vasculopathy leading to digital ulcers and necrotic lesions may occur. Patients with acral manifestations of systemic sclerosis are ideally treated by a team that includes a rheumatologist, dermatologist, hand surgeon, physiotherapist, and, eventually, a psychologist. Calcium channel antagonists, alpha(1)-adrenergic blockade with prazosin, and prostacyclin analogs were proven to be effective in the treatment of scleroderma-related Raynaud's phenomenon. Losartan, an angiotensin II receptor inhibitor, and fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, have been beneficial for systemic sclerosis-associated Raynaud's phenomenon in pilot studies. Parenteral prostacyclin analogs, e. g., iloprost, can be recommended as first-line treatment of ischemic digital ulcers. When prostacyclin analogs fail, the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor sildenafil can be tried to improve ulcer healing. Bosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, may prevent new digital ulcers. At present, there are no medical agents agreed to be generally effective in the reduction of calcinotic deposits or cutaneous fibrosis, although some drugs have been identified as potentially beneficial. Surgical treatment of acral manifestations consists of excision or curettage of symptomatic calcific deposits, digital sympathectomy, arterial reconstruction, and amputation in rare cases. Flexion contractures of the proximal interphalangeal joints, with secondary hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal joints, can be treated by arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joints and resection arthroplasty or prostheses at the metacarpophalangeal joints to improve hand function.

The effects of a single carbon dioxide and hot water hand bath on acral perfusion in systemic sclerosis: A randomized, clinical study

“…The physical medicine regimen for sRP in SSc 2,3 includes carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) hand immersion to increase distal digital blood flow. The treatment of peripheral vascular disorders has a long history of immersing the body into CO 2 -enriched water based on the vasodilative effects of CO 2 .…”