Therapists' experiences treating Asian American women with eating disorders.

Abstract

How do psychologists treat eating disorders (EDs) and subclinical issues in Asian American women in a culturally competent manner? Disordered eating and body dissatisfaction are so common in women that most therapists work with the issues to some degree, and it is increasingly likely they will see women of color. Asian American women are at significant risk and yet little treatment literature exists. Twelve therapists with experience in ED treatment were interviewed about their work with Asian American women. Grounded theory and consensual qualitative analysis methods were used to analyze the data, resulting in two central domains of conceptualization within the cultural context and treatment approach. Therapists reported that their clients were mostly first-and second-generation Americans who experienced acculturation stress and cultural conflict, particularly with elders. Other results suggested therapists perceived a strong connection between clients' desires to be thin and successful, and clients' efforts to conform to traditional Asian cultural values and fit in with U.S. mainstream culture. Therapists emphasized the cultural contextualization of family dynamics, developmental processes (e.g., individuation), and intergenerational conflicts. They viewed EDs as providing clients with culturally congruent coping strategies to affectively disconnect and to express distress. Treatment themes centered on psychoeducation and the importance of including parents in the treatment of their adult daughters. Helping clients navigate autonomy within the family and cultural context, and challenging clients and parents on the cultural (both Asian and mainstream U.S.) pressures regarding achievement and beauty were particularly important. Implications for therapy are discussed.

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