Therapy and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of Microsporum canis

Aneke, Chioma Inyang; Otranto, Domenico; Cafarchia, Claudia

doi:10.3390/jof4030107

Cited by 49 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…In vitro susceptibility testing of 15 antifungal drugs was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) document M38-A2. 27,28 Reagent-grade itraconazole (Janssen Research Foundation); terbinafine (Novartis Research Institute); tolnaftate, butenafine, miconazole, clotrimazole, griseofulvin, econazole, ravuconazole and ketoconazole MICs of ≥32 μg/mL for 13 isolates (6.25%), confirming previous data that MICs of fluconazole were higher compared to those of itraconazole, terbinafine, griseofulvin, ketoconazole and clotrimazole. 18,29,32 In agreement with an earlier study, 33 terbinafine, a drug of choice for the treatment of dermatophytosis, was active against all M. canis isolates (MIC 90 = 0.5 μg/mL) ( Table 2).…”

Section: Me Thodssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Randomly selected isolates were reconfirmed by DNA sequencing of the ITS rDNA region as previously described, and their nucleotide sequences have been deposited in GenBank under accession numbers KY070120 to KY070141. In vitro susceptibility testing of 15 antifungal drugs was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) document M38‐A2 . Reagent‐grade itraconazole (Janssen Research Foundation); terbinafine (Novartis Research Institute); tolnaftate, butenafine, miconazole, clotrimazole, griseofulvin, econazole, ravuconazole and ketoconazole (Sigma‐Aldrich); voriconazole and fluconazole (Pfizer, Central Research); and efinaconazole, luliconazole and lanoconazole (Nihon Nohyaku Co.) were obtained in powdered form.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro activities of 15 antifungal drugs against a large collection of clinical isolates of Microsporum canis

Abastabar

Jedi

Guillot

et al. 2019

Mycoses

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Summary Background Microsporum canis is a zoophilic species, found to be the most frequently isolated species in animals. M. canis causes sporadic outbreaks of infections in humans, such as the one that occurred in Canada, where more than 1000 human cases were detected over an 8‐year period. Despite the medical importance of M. canis infections, there are limited in vitro data on the antifungal susceptibility to antifungal drugs, including new generation triazoles and imidazoles. Objective The aim of the current study was to comprehensively evaluate the in vitro activity of new azoles and comparator drugs against a large panel of M. canis isolates using a microdilution assay. Methods The in vitro susceptibility to novel triazoles and imidazoles was compared to that of other antifungal drugs using a large collection of M. canis clinical isolates (n = 208) obtained from patients and animals with dermatophytosis in Iran, France and Turkey. Results All isolates exhibited high susceptibility to the majority of the tested antifungal agents. However, luliconazole, lanoconazole and efinaconazole, as well as econazole, demonstrated superior activity against all strains in comparis on with the other drugs. Conclusion FDA‐approved antifungal drugs, that is luliconazole, efinaconazole and lanoconazole, showed the highest antifungal activity and should be promising candidates for the treatment of dermatophytosis caused by M canis. However, their therapeutic effectiveness remains to be determined in clinical settings.

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Section: Me Thodssupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro activities of 15 antifungal drugs against a large collection of clinical isolates of Microsporum canis

Abastabar

Jedi

Guillot

et al. 2019

Mycoses

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“…Several studies have been conducted on antifungal susceptibility of M. canis using inocula consisting of both conidia and hyphae‐conidia, and different incubation times (from 3‐7 days) 11 . In some dermatophytes ( T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes ), the wall of the macroconidia is considerably thicker than the hyphae, thus affecting the overall antifungal susceptibility profile of the fungus 12,13 . However, dermatophytes also produce arthroconidia, a cellular structure presumably more resistant to antifungals, which may be responsible for therapeutic failure 7,14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The best type of inoculum for testing the antifungal drug susceptibility of Microsporum canis: In vivo and in vitro results

Aneke

Rhimi

Pellicoro³

et al. 2020

Mycoses

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Summary Background Data correlating in vitro drug susceptibility of Microsporum canis with clinical outcomes of its infections are lacking as well as the most suitable inoculum and incubation time in broth microdilution assays. Objectives and Methods Microsporum canis strains were collected from animal hosts that tested positive (Group I; n = 13) and negative (Group II; n = 14) to this pathogen following itraconazole (ITC) therapy. In vitro ITC susceptibility was assessed according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI M38‐A2) methodology using conidia, hypha‐conidia and arthroconidia at 3 and 7 days of incubation in order to assess the most suitable inoculum and incubation time. Successively, ketoconazole (KTC), voriconazole (VRC), terbinafine (TRB), posaconazole (PSZ), fluconazole (FLC) and griseofulvin (GRI) susceptibilities were assessed using the chosen inoculum. Results The MIC values of ITC after three‐day incubation were equal than those recorded after 7‐day incubation. Itraconazole MICs were ≤1 μg/mL for strains from Group II and >1 μg/mL for those of Group II only when conidia were used. All strains showed high susceptibility to VRC, POS, TEB and low susceptibility to ITC, KTC, GRI and FLC regardless of the source and incubation time. Conclusions and clinical importance Results suggest that correlation between the in vitro results and clinical outcome was observed only by incubating conidia for 3 days at 30 ± 2°C. These conditions might be most suitable to assess in vitro susceptibility of M. canis and assist in determining the occurrence of drug resistance and cross‐resistance phenomena.

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“…The main symptoms are hair loss, tinea capitis, tinea pedis, and onychomycosis [ 1 5 ]. Currently, various oral and topical antifungal drugs such as griseofulvin, terbinafine, itraconazole (IT), fluconazole (FLZ), and imidazole drugs are commonly used to control M. canis infection [ 6 ], among which ketoconazole (KTZ), as an imidazole drug, is the most frequently used [ 7 ]. Imidazoles are synthetic antifungal drugs that can selectively inhibit fungal cytochrome P-450-dependent 14-α-demethylase, change the permeability of cell membranes, causing the loss of important intracellular substances, leadingto fungal death [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome sequencing revealed the inhibitory mechanism of ketoconazole on clinical Microsporum canis

et al. 2021

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Background Microsporum canis is a zoonotic disease that can cause dermatophytosis in animals and humans. Objectives In clinical practice, ketoconazole (KTZ) and other imidazole drugs are commonly used to treat M. canis infection, but its molecular mechanism is not completely understood. The antifungal mechanism of KTZ needs to be studied in detail. Methods In this study, one strain of fungi was isolated from a canine suffering with clinical dermatosis and confirmed as M. canis by morphological observation and sequencing analysis. The clinically isolated M. canis was treated with KTZ and transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes in M. canis exposed to KTZ compared with those unexposed thereto. Results At half-inhibitory concentration (½MIC), compared with the control group, 453 genes were significantly up-regulated and 326 genes were significantly down-regulated ( p < 0.05). Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis verified the transcriptome results of RNA sequencing. Gene ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that the 3 pathways of RNA polymerase, steroid biosynthesis, and ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes are closely related to the antifungal mechanism of KTZ. Conclusions The results indicated that KTZ may change cell membrane permeability, destroy the cell wall, and inhibit mitosis and transcriptional regulation through CYP51, SQL, ERG6, ATM, ABCB1, SC, KER33, RPA1, and RNP genes in the 3 pathways. This study provides a new theoretical basis for the effective control of M. canis infection and the effect of KTZ on fungi.

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Therapy and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of Microsporum canis

Cited by 49 publications

References 72 publications

In vitro activities of 15 antifungal drugs against a large collection of clinical isolates of Microsporum canis

In vitro activities of 15 antifungal drugs against a large collection of clinical isolates of Microsporum canis

The best type of inoculum for testing the antifungal drug susceptibility of Microsporum canis: In vivo and in vitro results

Transcriptome sequencing revealed the inhibitory mechanism of ketoconazole on clinical Microsporum canis

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