Therapy with essential amino acids and their nitrogen-free analogues in severe renal failure

Bauerdick, H; Spellerberg, P; Lamberts, B

doi:10.1093/ajcn/31.10.1793

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[23][24][25] The use of KA analogues to form EAAs has been shown particularly well in studies in which KA analogues were used as supplements to VLPDs or amino acid diets for patients with CKD, and neutral or positive nitrogen balance was maintained. 24,[26][27][28][29][30] The anticatabolic or anabolic actions of KA/EAA supplements are still incompletely understood. KA/ EAA supplements commonly contain substantial amounts of 4-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid, the KA analogue of leucine (ketoleucine), 31 which may suppress protein degradation.…”

Section: Nutritional Value Of Ka Analoguesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…90 The few studies that directly compared KA/EAA-and EAA-supplemented VLPDs usually evaluated small numbers of patients and suggested either no differences or possibly modest advantages to the KA/EAA-supplemented VLPD in terms of lower serum urea, phosphorus, and possibly triglyceride levels. 8,28,41,92,93 Two randomized studies indicated slower GFR loss with the KA/EAA-versus EAA-supplemented VLPD. 46,94 …”

Section: Ka/eaa-versus Eaa-supplemented Vlpdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Is There a Role for Ketoacid Supplements in the Management of CKD?

Shah

Kalantar-Zadeh²,

Kopple

2015

American Journal of Kidney Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ketoacid (KA) analogues of essential amino acids (EAAs) provide several potential advantages for people with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Because KAs lack the amino group bound to the α carbon of an amino acid, they can be converted to their respective amino acids without providing additional nitrogen. It has been well established that a diet with 0.3 to 0.4 g of protein per kilogram per day that is supplemented with KAs and EAAs reduces the generation of potentially toxic metabolic products, as well as the burden of potassium, phosphorus, and possibly sodium, while still providing calcium. These KA/EAA-supplemented very-low-protein diets (VLPDs) can maintain good nutrition, but the appropriate dose of the KA/EAA supplement has not been established. Thus, a KA/EAA dose-response study for good nutrition clearly is needed. Similarly, the composition of the KA/EAA supplement needs to be reexamined; for example, some KA/EAA preparations contain neither the EAA phenylalanine nor its analogue. Indications concerning when to inaugurate a KA/EAA-supplemented VLPD therapy also are unclear. Evidence strongly suggests that these diets can delay the need for maintenance dialysis therapy, but whether they slow the loss of glomerular filtration rate in patients with CKD is less clear, particularly in this era of more vigorous blood pressure control and use of angiotensin/aldosterone blockade. Some clinicians prescribe KA/EAA supplements for patients with CKD or treated with maintenance dialysis, but with diets that have much higher protein levels than the VLPDs in which these supplements have been studied. More research is needed to examine the effectiveness of KA/EAA supplements with higher protein intakes.

show abstract

Section: Nutritional Value Of Ka Analoguesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ka/eaa-versus Eaa-supplemented Vlpdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There a Role for Ketoacid Supplements in the Management of CKD?

Shah

Kalantar-Zadeh²,

Kopple

2015

American Journal of Kidney Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A single study in uremic subjects, re ported in preliminary form, reached the same conclusions [60].…”

Section: Selection Of Analogue Mixtures For Use In Chronic Renal Failurementioning

confidence: 55%

Keto Acid Therapy in Chronic Renal Failure

Walser¹

1978

Nephron

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Conditions largely associated with aging have been a frequent target of EAA therapy, including sarcopenia [ 62 , 85 ], long-term-care-acquired infections [ 86 ], low physical function [ 63 ], and heart failure [ 40 , 87 , 88 ]. Beneficial effects of EAAs have also been reported in the following conditions or situations: rehabilitation [ 89–92 ]; stroke [ 93 , 94 ]; bed rest/immobilization [ 8 , 65 , 95–97 ]; peripheral artery disease [ 98 ]; renal failure [ 99–103 ]; inflammation [ 104 , 105 ]; critical illness [ 106 ]; lung cancer [ 107 ]; cystic fibrosis [ 108 ]; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [ 109–111 ]; wound healing [ 112 ]; brain injury [ 113 , 114 ]; metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk factors [ 115–117 ]; obesity [ 118 , 119 ]; liver fat [ 115 , 120–122 ]; and diabetes [ 123–127 ]. Importantly, in all of these studies beneficial effects were observed despite the absence of control of the consumption of EAAs contained in dietary protein, implying the importance of the rapid and complete absorption of free EAAs in clinical circumstances in which digestion may be impaired and anabolic resistance is prevalent.…”

Section: Eaas and Clinical Conditions And Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Effects of essential amino acid supplementation on exercise and performance

Ferrando,

Wolfe,

Hirsch

et al. 2023

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) presents this position based on a critical examination of literature surrounding the effects of essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation on skeletal muscle maintenance and performance. This position stand is intended to provide a scientific foundation to athletes, dietitians, trainers, and other practitioners as to the benefits of supplemental EAA in both healthy and resistant (aging/clinical) populations. EAAs are crucial components of protein intake in humans, as the body cannot synthesize them. The daily recommended intake (DRI) for protein was established to prevent deficiencies due to inadequate EAA consumption. The following conclusions represent the official position of the Society: 1. Initial studies on EAAs’ effects on skeletal muscle highlight their primary role in stimulating muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and turnover. Protein turnover is critical for replacing degraded or damaged muscle proteins, laying the metabolic foundation for enhanced functional performance. Consequently, research has shifted to examine the effects of EAA supplementation – with and without the benefits of exercise – on skeletal muscle maintenance and performance. 2. Supplementation with free-form EAAs leads to a quick rise in peripheral EAA concentrations, which in turn stimulates MPS. 3. The safe upper limit of EAA intake (amount), without inborn metabolic disease, can easily accommodate additional supplementation. 4. At rest, stimulation of MPS occurs at relatively small dosages (1.5–3.0 g) and seems to plateau at around 15–18 g. 5. The MPS stimulation by EAAs does not require non-essential amino acids. 6. Free-form EAA ingestion stimulates MPS more than an equivalent amount of intact protein. 7. Repeated EAA-induced MPS stimulation throughout the day does not diminish the anabolic effect of meal intake. 8. Although direct comparisons of various formulas have yet to be investigated, aging requires a greater proportion of leucine to overcome the reduced muscle sensitivity known as “anabolic resistance.” 9. Without exercise, EAA supplementation can enhance functional outcomes in anabolic-resistant populations. 10. EAA requirements rise in the face of caloric deficits. During caloric deficit, it’s essential to meet whole-body EAA requirements to preserve anabolic sensitivity in skeletal muscle.

show abstract

Therapy with essential amino acids and their nitrogen-free analogues in severe renal failure

Cited by 19 publications

References 2 publications

Is There a Role for Ketoacid Supplements in the Management of CKD?

Is There a Role for Ketoacid Supplements in the Management of CKD?

Keto Acid Therapy in Chronic Renal Failure

International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Effects of essential amino acid supplementation on exercise and performance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About