There's More to the Picture Than Meets the Eye: Nitric Oxide Cross Talk with Ca2+ Signaling

Abstract

Calcium and nitric oxide (NO) are two important biological messengers. Increasing evidence indicates that Ca 2+ and NO work together in mediating responses to pathogenic microorganisms and microbe-associated molecular patterns. Ca 2+ fluxes were recognized to account for NO production, whereas evidence gathered from a number of studies highlights that NO is one of the key messengers mediating Ca 2+ signaling. Here, we present a concise description of the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the cross talk between Ca 2+ and NO in plant cells exposed to biotic stress. Particular attention will be given to the involvement of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels and Ca 2+ sensors. Notably, we provide new evidence that calmodulin might be regulated at the posttranslational level by NO through S-nitrosylation. Furthermore, we report original transcriptomic data showing that NO produced in response to oligogalacturonide regulates the expression of genes related to Ca 2+ signaling. Deeper insight into the molecules involved in the interplay between Ca 2+ and NO not only permits a better characterization of the Ca 2+ signaling system but also allows us to further understand how plants respond to pathogen attack.

ROS, Calcium, and Electric Signals: Key Mediators of Rapid Systemic Signaling in Plants

“…, stress response, and NO (for review, see Jeandroz et al, 2013) and the above discussion of potential relationships between ROS, NO, and long-range signaling, continued dissection of the interactions between these elements may be a very fruitful avenue to help define the machinery behind systemic signal propagation and response.…”

NO and H2O2 contribute to SO2 toxicity via Ca2+ signaling in Vicia faba guard cells

“…SO 2 exposure increased NO and H 2 O 2 levels in V. faba guard cells. Elevated levels of H 2 O 2 and NO can provoke both beneficial and harmful effects in plants responding to abiotic environmental stresses (Besson-Bard et al 2009;Arasimowicz and Floryszak-Wieczorek 2007;Qiao and Fan 2014;Rodríguez-Serrano et al 2012;Jeandroz et al 2013;Yi et al 2014). We have shown previously that an increased H 2 O 2 level mediates SO 2 toxicity in stomatal guard cells of V. faba .…”

Signal mediators at induction of heat resistance of wheat plantlets by short-term heating

“…The discussion of these issues is beyond the experimental material of this article. It should be only noted that calcium, apparently, is located in the different parts of signal chains participating in the formation of adaptive responses of plants [3]. As a whole, there are the grounds to confirm the close functional interplay between calcium , ROS and NO at the induction of heat resistan ce of wheat plantlets by short-term heating .…”

“…C alcium ions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) serve as the mediators that are in close functional interplay at the transduction of various stress signals to the genetic apparatus of plant cell [1][2][3]. The induction of protective reactions, leading to the development of plants resistance to stress influences, occurs to the participation of these signal mediators [4].…”