Thermal adjustments of steers (<i>Bos taurus</i>) to abrupt changes in environmental temperature

McLean, J. A.; Downie, A. J.; Jones, C. D. R.; Stombaugh, D. P.; Glasbey, C. A.

doi:10.1017/s0021859600033451

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…1) resembles results reported by Slee and Sykes (1967) and Slee (1972) in sheep. In contrast, McLean et al (1983a) observed that carotid artery temperature of three Ayrshire steers declined very slowly when ambient temperature was suddenly reduced from 25 to 12°C. Hahn and Mader (1997) reported that diurnal body temperature rhythms lag behind ambient conditions by 3 to 5 h under heat stress conditions, and 8 to 10 h in moderate conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Results of the present study suggest that beef cattle, like sheep, respond very quickly to the sudden onset of severe cold exposure. The nature of this response was much more rapid and the reverse of that observed by McLean et al (1983a) at more moderate temperatures in a gradually cooling environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…McLean et al (1983a) found that the amplitude of daily rectal temperature cycles of Ayrshire steers was related to the variability of environmental temperature where temperature ranged from 12 to 25°C. Hahn et al (1993) observed that heat stress increased the amplitude of diurnal tympanic membrane temperature rhythms in three growing ad libitum fed beef steers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). McLean et al (1982McLean et al ( , 1983a noted a transient increase in the carotid artery temperature of Ayrshire steers in response to twice daily feeding. In the present study, a noticeable T vag peak associated with feeding was absent in the heifers in the moderate and cold treatments, likely because they were fed during a prolonged decline in T vag (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of intermittent cold exposure varying in intensity on core body temperature and resting heat production of beef cattle

Bergen¹,

Kennedy²,

Christopherson³

2001

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2001. Effects of intermittent cold exposure varying in intensity on core body temperature and resting heat production of beef cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 81: 459-465. Crossbred beef heifers (n = 18) fed at 1.3× maintenance were exposed to summer daytime temperatures (20 ± 0.2°C) for 8 h (08:00 until 16:00) and to control (22°C), moderate (-6°C) or cold (-15°C) environments for 16 h daily (16:00 until 08:00) for a minimum 21-d adaptation period to investigate the effects of intensity of intermittent cold exposure on vaginal temperature and resting heat production. Resting heat production was measured at the end of the adaptation period. Vaginal temperature was continuously monitored throughout the experiment using radiotelemetry. Vaginal temperature increased immediately after the onset of cold exposure in both moderate and cold treatments, peaked after 3 h, and returned to pre-exposure levels by the time the 16-h treatment ended. In contrast, vaginal temperatures of control heifers peaked only after feeding at 08:30. Treatment did not affect daily maximum (P = 0.60), mean (P = 0.72) or minimum (P = 0.34) vaginal temperatures, but heifers in both cold-exposed treatments spent more time (P = 0.03) with vaginal temperatures exceeding the daily mean vaginal temperature than control heifers. Compared to control heifers, the variability of vaginal temperature increased 1.8-and 2.2-fold in the moderate and cold treatments, respectively (P = 0.04), and did not change with time (P = 0.98). Resting heat production did not increase following 21 d of exposure to moderate and cold conditions. Results of this study indicate that intermittent cold exposure influenced circadian body temperature rhythms without increasing resting heat production. exposition intermittente au froid sur la température vaginale et sur la production de chaleur au repos, mesurée à la fin de la période d'adaptation. La température vaginale a été vérifiée en permanence par radiotélémétrie. La température vaginale augmente immédiatement avec l'exposition au froid, tant avec le froid modéré que le froid intense, atteint un plateau au bout de 3 heures et revient à la température initiale au terme des 16 heures du traitement. La température vaginale des sujets témoins, en revanche, n'atteint un plateau qu'après la ration de 8 h 30. Le traitement n'a aucune incidence sur la température maximale (P = 0,60), moyenne (P = 0,72) ou minimale (P = 0,34) quotidienne dans le vagin, mais la température vaginale des génisses des deux groupes exposés au froid demeure plus longtemps (P = 0,03) au-dessus de la température moyenne que chez les sujets témoins. Comparativement au groupe témoin, les génisses soumises à un froid modéré et à un froid intense voient la variabilité de leur température vaginale multipliée de 1,8 et de 2,2, respectivement (P = 0,04), sans variation dans le temps (P = 0,98). La production de chaleur au repos ne s'accroît pas après les 21 jours d'exposition à un froid modéré ou intense. Les résultats de l'étude indiquent qu'une exposition intermitt...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of intermittent cold exposure varying in intensity on core body temperature and resting heat production of beef cattle

Bergen¹,

Kennedy²,

Christopherson³

2001

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…Amongst farm animals, those which allow a greater variation in body heat storage could in theory have an advantage in terms of food conversion efficiency (McLean et al 1983a). …”

Section: Feed Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Heat load alleviation in beef cattle: water application during continuous high temperature exposure

Tait¹

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The live export industry is an integral part of the Australian cattle industry and makes a significant contribution to the Australian economy. Heat stroke has been a major cause of cattle death on long haul sea voyages and has the potential to threaten the viability and sustainability of cattle exports.To mitigate high heat loads on these voyages, it is necessary to implement cooling strategies to lower the temperature of the microclimate surrounding the cattle. The main cooling method used on live export voyages is high pressure hosing but no research has been undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of this or other water application methods. The major focus of this thesis was therefore, to explore heat load mitigation of confined beef cattle. The initial hypothesis was that the application of water onto cattle exposed to a continuous high heat load will reduce the severity of heat stress.As, different breeds of cattle and composites are exported together, the second hypothesis was that different cattle breeds and composites respond differently to heat exposure and to water cooling.Climatic conditions for all three studies were based on the conditions encountered on board a live export vessel travelling from southern Australia to the Middle East (during the northern hemisphere summer). The first study obtained data on changes in the microclimate and responses of Bos taurus cattle (Angus) when water was applied via a hose to cattle maintained in single pens under continuous hot conditions. The results showed that the water application had a positive impact on cattle comfort (respiratory rate reduced by 50 -80 bpm; rectal temperature reduced within an hour after wetting of cattle). The dry-bulb temperature was also reduced following longer duration water applications. The impact of water application on physiological parameters, such as rate of respiration and rectal temperature, was a function of water volume applied and ambient conditions. For all steers mean daily rectal temperatures and respiratory rates were lower (P < 0.01) during thermoneutral conditions than during the 11 days of hot conditions. Four water application methods (hosing, overhead sprinklers, leg sprinklers and misters) were evaluated in the second experiment with the same Bos taurus breed. Volume and frequency of water application was assessed with the cattle were housed in groups (n = 9) on sawdust bedding. Of the four methods evaluated, hosing was the most effective in mitigating the heat load on the cattle. The leg wetting and misting treatments had little to no effect. While not as effective as hosing, overhead sprinklers did afford heat relief and may have advantages for cooling large numbers of cattle at the same time. Bedding had to be removed after it became wet due to increased concentrations of atmospheric ammonia that posed a risk to cattle and human health. IIAs live export ships carry both Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle, the third experiment investigated the effects of high heat load conditions on three breeds of cattle an...

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Thermal Balance and Thermoregulation

Silva

Maia

2012

Principles of Animal Biometeorology

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Thermal adjustments of steers (Bos taurus) to abrupt changes in environmental temperature

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of intermittent cold exposure varying in intensity on core body temperature and resting heat production of beef cattle

Effects of intermittent cold exposure varying in intensity on core body temperature and resting heat production of beef cattle

Heat load alleviation in beef cattle: water application during continuous high temperature exposure

Thermal Balance and Thermoregulation

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